Bronberg Ruben A, Alfaro Emma L, Bejarano Ignacio F, Dipierri Jose E
Servicio de Genética, Hospital Colonia Nacional Dr. Manuel Montes de Oca, Provincia de Buenos Aires.
Medicina (B Aires). 2011;71(1):1-8.
As patients with intellectual and developmental disability (ID) may be more exposed to unfavorable factors, they are at higher risk of suffering nutritional alterations. Our objective was to determine prevalence of malnutrition in institutionalized patients with ID. An evaluation of the nutritional status through determination of transversal anthropometric parameters of weight (kg) and height (cm) was made on 614 individuals (352 men and 262 women) institutionalized at Colonia Nacional Montes de Oca, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Body mass index and prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity cases by sex and ID type: mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability were determined. Regardless of sex, prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were of 2.9%, 30% and 27.7%, respectively. Regardless of degree of ID, greater prevalence of obesity (41.2%) was found amongst women, while overweight (34.7%) was more frequent amongst men. Taking the degree of ID and regardless of sex, greater prevalence of underweight was observed in severe ID, and overweight and obesity amongst mild ID. No any of the patients with mild ID presented underweight. Taking into account sex and ID, higher prevalence of underweight and overweight were observed amongst men with mild ID, (7% and 38.4%, respectively) and of obesity in women with moderate ID (44%). Results obtained would indicate the importance of caloric intake and energy consumption control in adults with ID, paying particular attention to life conditions and alimentary disorders in terms of the degree of ID and their multiple associated disabilities.
由于智力和发育障碍（ID）患者可能更容易接触到不利因素，他们患营养改变的风险更高。我们的目标是确定机构收容的ID患者中营养不良的患病率。对阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省科洛尼亚国家蒙特斯德奥卡收容的614人（352名男性和262名女性）进行了营养状况评估，通过测定体重（kg）和身高（cm）的横向人体测量参数。确定了按性别和ID类型（轻度、中度和重度智力残疾）划分的体重指数以及体重不足、超重和肥胖病例的患病率。无论性别如何，体重不足、超重和肥胖的患病率分别为2.9%、30%和27.7%。无论ID程度如何，女性中肥胖的患病率更高（41.2%），而男性中超重的患病率更高（34.7%）。考虑到ID程度且不考虑性别，重度ID患者中体重不足的患病率更高，轻度ID患者中超重和肥胖的患病率更高。轻度ID患者中没有出现体重不足的情况。考虑到性别和ID，轻度ID男性中体重不足和超重的患病率更高（分别为7%和38.4%），中度ID女性中肥胖的患病率更高（44%）。所得结果表明，控制ID成年人的热量摄入和能量消耗非常重要，尤其要关注ID程度及其多种相关残疾情况下的生活条件和饮食失调问题。
