Enhancing isoprene production by genetic modification of the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

To enhance the production of isoprene, a volatile 5-carbon hydrocarbon, in the Gram-positive spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium Bacillus subtilis, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (Dxs) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr) were overexpressed in B. subtilis DSM 10. For the strain that overexpresses Dxs, the yield of isoprene was increased 40% over that by the wild-type strain. In the Dxr overexpression strain, the level of isoprene production was unchanged. Overexpression of Dxr together with Dxs showed an isoprene production level similar to that of the Dxs overproduction strain. The effects of external factors, such as stress factors including heat (48°C), salt (0.3 M NaCl), ethanol (1%), and oxidative (0.005% H(2)O(2)) stress, on isoprene production were further examined. Heat, salt, and H(2)O(2) induced isoprene production; ethanol inhibited isoprene production. In addition, induction and repression effects are independent of SigB, which is the general stress-responsive alternative sigma factor of Gram-positive bacteria.