Department of Pharmacy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011 Sep;12(5):552-4. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3182076ab4.
Potassium supplementation is a common practice in critically ill children, especially those with heart disease. Intravenous potassium supplementation is the standard route of administration in most intensive care units. Although the enteral route is safer and thus may be a reasonable alternative, data on the efficacy of enteral potassium administration are lacking.
A change of practice to encourage use of enteral potassium was instituted in the cardiac intensive care unit at Texas Children's Hospital, and a review of this practice change was undertaken. The primary outcome of interest was the comparable efficacy of enteral and intravenous potassium administration. Patient demographic data, including urine output, diuretic use, route of potassium administration, and adverse events were documented and analyzed.
Seventy-six patients met inclusion criteria and received 399 bolus doses of potassium (166 intravenous and 233 enteral). No patients became hyperkalemic after either route of administration. The increase in serum potassium was similar in both groups of patients. Side effects of the two routes of administration were not different.
The efficacy of enteral potassium is comparable to intravenous potassium for potassium replacement in pediatric patients after congenital heart surgery.
在危重病儿童中，特别是在心脏病儿童中，补充钾是一种常见的做法。静脉内补钾是大多数重症监护病房的标准给药途径。虽然肠内途径更安全，因此可能是一种合理的替代方法，但关于肠内补钾疗效的数据尚缺乏。
德克萨斯儿童医院心脏重症监护病房实施了一项鼓励使用肠内补钾的实践改变，并对该实践改变进行了回顾。主要的观察指标是肠内和静脉补钾的等效疗效。记录和分析了患者的人口统计学数据，包括尿量、利尿剂使用、钾给药途径和不良事件。
76 名患者符合纳入标准，接受了 399 次补钾（静脉 166 次，肠内 233 次）。两种途径给药后均无患者发生高钾血症。两组患者的血清钾升高相似。两种给药途径的副作用没有差异。
在先天性心脏病手术后的儿科患者中，肠内补钾的疗效与静脉补钾相当。
