Outokumpu Instruments Oy, Riihitontuntie 7C, SF-02200 Espoo, Finland.
J Xray Sci Technol. 1994 Jan 1;4(3):182-90. doi: 10.3233/XST-1993-4302.
In order to fabricate entrance windows for soft x-ray detectors, various technologies have been developed. Depending on the x-ray-detector type and the environment in which the windows are used, entrance windows must meet several, often contradictory, requirements: while good pressure tolerance and durability as well as gas tightness require thicker structures, good x-ray transmission can only be achieved with thin membranes. In this paper, the suitability of different window types for various applications is discussed. The applicability discussion is based on the results of tests performed on prototype windows, as well as on calculated and measured x-ray transmission properties. A comparative study of endurance vs transmission properties of some candidate membrane materials is also presented. Test results include pressure tolerance and leakage rates as well as some measurements of radiation damage to the window materials. The window technologies presented include coated polyimide membranes with two different supporting schemes as well as submicrometer beryllium membranes.
为了制造软 X 射线探测器的入口窗，已经开发了各种技术。根据 X 射线探测器的类型和窗口使用的环境，入口窗必须满足几个通常相互矛盾的要求：尽管良好的耐压性和耐用性以及气密性需要更厚的结构，但只有薄膜才能实现良好的 X 射线透射率。本文讨论了不同类型的窗口对于各种应用的适用性。适用性讨论基于对原型窗口进行的测试结果，以及计算和测量的 X 射线透射特性。还对一些候选膜材料的耐久性与透射特性进行了比较研究。测试结果包括耐压性和泄漏率，以及对窗口材料的辐射损伤的一些测量。所介绍的窗口技术包括具有两种不同支撑方案的涂覆聚酰亚胺膜以及亚微米铍膜。
