Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Pest Manag Sci. 2011 May;67(5):574-85. doi: 10.1002/ps.2104. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
Papaver rhoeas (L.) has evolved resistance to tribenuron in winter wheat fields in northern Greece owing to multiple Pro(197) substitutions. Therefore, the cross-resistance pattern to other sulfonylurea and non-sulfonylurea ALS-inhibiting herbicides of the tribenuron resistant (R) and susceptible (S) corn poppy populations was studied by using whole-plant trials and in vitro ALS catalytic activity assays.
The whole-plant trials revealed that tribenuron R populations were also cross-resistant to sulfonylureas mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron. The whole-plant resistance factors (RFs) calculated for pyrithiobac, imazamox and florasulam ranged from 12.4 to > 88, from 1.5 to 28.3 and from 5.6 to 25.4, respectively, and were lower than the respective tribenuron RF values (137 to > 2400). The ALS activity assay showed higher resistance of the ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea herbicides (tribenuron > chlorsulfuron) and lower resistance to non-sulfonylurea ALS-inhibiting herbicides (pyrithiobac > florasulam ≈ imazamox).
These findings indicate that Pro(197) substitution by Ala, Ser, Arg or Thr in corn poppy results in a less sensitive ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea herbicides than to other ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The continued use of sulfonylurea herbicides led to cross-resistance to all ALS-inhibiting herbicides, making their use impossible in corn poppy resistance management programmes.
由于多次 Pro(197)取代，罂粟在希腊北部的冬小麦田中对 tribenuron 产生了抗性。因此，通过全株试验和体外 ALS 催化活性测定，研究了 tribenuron 抗性（R）和敏感（S）罂粟种群对其他磺酰脲类和非磺酰脲类 ALS 抑制剂类除草剂的交叉抗性模式。
全株试验表明，tribenuron R 种群对磺酰脲类 mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron、chlorsulfuron 和 triasulfuron 也具有交叉抗性。pyrithiobac、imazamox 和 florasulam 的全株抗性因子（RF）分别为 12.4 至 >88、1.5 至 28.3 和 5.6 至 25.4，均低于相应的 tribenuron RF 值（137 至 >2400）。ALS 活性测定表明，ALS 酶对磺酰脲类除草剂（tribenuron >chlorsulfuron）的抗性较高，对非磺酰脲类 ALS 抑制剂类除草剂（pyrithiobac >florasulam≈imazamox）的抗性较低。
这些发现表明，罂粟中 Pro(197)被 Ala、Ser、Arg 或 Thr 取代导致 ALS 酶对磺酰脲类除草剂的敏感性降低，而对其他 ALS 抑制剂类除草剂的敏感性增加。磺酰脲类除草剂的持续使用导致对所有 ALS 抑制剂类除草剂的交叉抗性，使得它们在罂粟抗性管理计划中无法使用。
