Departamento de Farmacología CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado postal 14-740, 07000 Mexico D.F., Mexico.
Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Apr;31(8):1657-71. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00824-10. Epub 2011 Feb 14.
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell growth and survival via two different multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. The assembly of these serine-threonine kinase multiprotein complexes occurs via poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that GRp58/ERp57 regulates the existence and activity of mTORC1. Endogenous mTOR interacts with GRp58/ERp57 in different mammalian cells. In vitro, recombinant GRp58/ERp57 preferentially interacts with mTORC1. GRp58/ERp57 knockdown reduces mTORC1 levels and phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and p70(S6K) in response to insulin. In contrast, GRp58/ERp57 overexpression increases mTORC1 levels and activity. A redox-sensitive mechanism that depends on GRp58/ERp57 expression activates mTORC1. Although GRp58/ERp57 is known as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident, we demonstrate its presence at the cytosol, together with mTOR, Raptor, and Rictor as well as a pool of these proteins associated to the ER. In addition, the presence of GRp58/ERp57 at the ER decreases in response to insulin or leucine. Interestingly, a fraction of p70(S6K), but not 4E-BP1, is associated to the ER and phosphorylated in response to serum, insulin, or leucine. Altogether, our results suggest that GRp58/ERp57 is involved in the assembly of mTORC1 and positively regulates mTORC1 signaling at the cytosol and the cytosolic side of the ER.
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通过两个不同的多蛋白复合物 mTORC1 和 mTORC2 调节细胞生长和存活。这些丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶多蛋白复合物的组装发生在尚未完全了解的分子机制中。在这里,我们证明 GRp58/ERp57 调节 mTORC1 的存在和活性。内源性 mTOR 在不同的哺乳动物细胞中与 GRp58/ERp57 相互作用。在体外,重组 GRp58/ERp57 优先与 mTORC1 相互作用。GRp58/ERp57 敲低会降低胰岛素反应中 mTORC1 的水平和 4E-BP1 和 p70(S6K)的磷酸化。相比之下,GRp58/ERp57 的过表达会增加 mTORC1 的水平和活性。一种依赖于 GRp58/ERp57 表达的氧化还原敏感机制激活 mTORC1。尽管 GRp58/ERp57 是内质网(ER)的固有蛋白,但我们证明它存在于细胞质中,与 mTOR、Raptor 和 Rictor 以及与 ER 相关的这些蛋白质的池一起存在。此外,GRp58/ERp57 在 ER 中的存在响应胰岛素或亮氨酸而减少。有趣的是,p70(S6K)的一部分,而不是 4E-BP1,与 ER 相关联,并响应血清、胰岛素或亮氨酸而被磷酸化。总之,我们的结果表明,GRp58/ERp57 参与 mTORC1 的组装,并在细胞质和 ER 的细胞质侧正面调节 mTORC1 信号。