Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Mar;12(3):167-78. doi: 10.1038/nrg2933.
Clefts of the lip and/or palate (CLP) are common birth defects of complex aetiology. CLP can occur in isolation or as part of a broad range of chromosomal, Mendelian or teratogenic syndromes. Although there has been marked progress in identifying genetic and environmental triggers for syndromic CLP, the aetiology of the more common non-syndromic (isolated) forms remains poorly characterized. Recently, using a combination of epidemiology, careful phenotyping, genome-wide association studies and analysis of animal models, several distinct genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified and confirmed for non-syndromic CLP. These findings have advanced our understanding of developmental biology and created new opportunities for clinical translational research.
唇腭裂(CLP)是一种常见的先天性复杂畸形。CLP 可孤立发生,也可作为多种染色体、孟德尔或致畸综合征的一部分出现。尽管在确定综合征性 CLP 的遗传和环境触发因素方面已经取得了显著进展,但更常见的非综合征性(孤立)形式的病因仍未得到很好的描述。最近,通过结合流行病学、仔细的表型分析、全基因组关联研究和动物模型分析,已经确定并证实了几个不同的非综合征性 CLP 的遗传和环境风险因素。这些发现增进了我们对发育生物学的理解,并为临床转化研究创造了新的机会。