Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
J Food Prot. 2011 Feb;74(2):311-5. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-297.
Antibiotic residues in milk can cause serious problems for consumers and the dairy industry. Heat treatment of milk may diminish the antimicrobial activity of these antibiotic residues. This study analyzed the effect of milk processing (60 °C for 30 min, 120 °C for 20 min, and 140 °C for 10 s) on the antimicrobial activity of milk samples fortified with three concentrations of three macrolides (erythromycin: 20, 40 and 80 μg/liter; spiramycin: 100, 200, and 400 μg/liter; and tylosin: 500, 1,000, and 2,000 μg/liter) and one lincosamide (lincomycin: 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 μg/liter). To measure the loss of antimicrobial activity, a bioassay based on the growth inhibition of Micrococcus luteus was done. The data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicate that treatment at 120 °C for 20 min produces inactivation percentages of 93% (erythromycin), 64% (spiramycin), 51% (tylosin), and 5% (lincomycin), while treatment at 140 °C for 10 s results in generally lower percentages (30% erythromycin, 35% spiramycin, 12% tylosin, and 5% lincomycin). The lowest loss or lowest reduction of antimicrobial activity (21% erythromycin and 13% spiramycin) was obtained by treatment at 60 °C for 30 min.
牛奶中的抗生素残留会对消费者和乳制品行业造成严重问题。对牛奶进行热处理可能会降低这些抗生素残留的抗菌活性。本研究分析了牛奶加工(60°C 处理 30 分钟、120°C 处理 20 分钟和 140°C 处理 10 秒)对添加三种浓度(20、40 和 80μg/升的红霉素;100、200 和 400μg/升的螺旋霉素;500、1000 和 2000μg/升的泰乐菌素)和一种林可酰胺(1000、2000 和 4000μg/升的林可霉素)的牛奶样品的抗菌活性的影响。为了测量抗菌活性的损失,采用基于金黄色葡萄球菌生长抑制的生物测定法进行了测量。使用多元线性回归模型分析了数据。结果表明,在 120°C 处理 20 分钟可产生 93%(红霉素)、64%(螺旋霉素)、51%(泰乐菌素)和 5%(林可霉素)的失活百分比,而在 140°C 处理 10 秒通常会导致较低的百分比(红霉素 30%、螺旋霉素 35%、泰乐菌素 12%和林可霉素 5%)。通过 60°C 处理 30 分钟,获得了最低的抗生素残留失活或最低的抗菌活性降低(红霉素 21%和螺旋霉素 13%)。