Neuroendovascular therapies in pediatric interventional radiology.

Transarterial embolization of head and neck tumors can be done for a variety of indications, including tumoral epistaxis and high-output cardiac failure, but is mainly done before surgical resection. This technique offers higher surgical cure rates and faster recovery, while decreasing surgical morbidity by curtailing blood loss and reducing the duration of surgery. Patients with epistaxis are considered for endovascular management when they have failed conservative management, including topical vasoconstrictors, cautery, and nasal packing (anterior and posterior). Sudden arterial bleeding in patients undergoing transsphenoidal or maxillofacial surgery is also considered an indication for endovascular management. If performed with the appropriate attention, endovascular management of epistaxis is highly effective with a low risk of complications.