Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;
Int J Womens Health. 2011 Feb 8;3:25-35. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S11304.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. The clinical manifestation of PCOS varies from a mild menstrual disorder to severe disturbance of reproductive and metabolic functions. Management of women with PCOS depends on the symptoms. These could be ovulatory dysfunction-related infertility, menstrual disorders, or androgen-related symptoms. Weight loss improves the endocrine profile and increases the likelihood of ovulation and pregnancy. Normalization of menstrual cycles and ovulation could occur with modest weight loss as little as 5% of the initial weight. The treatment of obesity includes modifications in lifestyle (diet and exercise) and medical and surgical treatment. In PCOS, anovulation relates to low follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations and the arrest of antral follicle growth in the final stages of maturation. This can be treated with medications such as clomiphene citrate, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, metformin, glucocorticoids, or gonadotropins or surgically by laparoscopic ovarian drilling. In vitro fertilization will remain the last option to achieve pregnancy when others fail. Chronic anovulation over a long period of time is also associated with an increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, which should be seriously investigated and treated. There are androgenic symptoms that will vary from patient to patient, such as hirsutism, acne, and/or alopecia. These are troublesome presentations to the patients and require adequate treatment. Alternative medicine has been emerging as one of the commonly practiced medicines for different health problems, including PCOS. This review underlines the contribution to the treatment of different symptoms.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是女性最常见的内分泌疾病。PCOS 的临床表现从轻度月经紊乱到生殖和代谢功能的严重紊乱各不相同。PCOS 患者的管理取决于症状。这些症状可能与排卵功能障碍相关的不孕、月经紊乱或与雄激素相关的症状有关。体重减轻可改善内分泌状况，增加排卵和怀孕的可能性。初始体重减轻 5%左右，即可使月经周期和排卵正常化。肥胖的治疗包括生活方式（饮食和运动）的改变以及医疗和手术治疗。在 PCOS 中，无排卵与卵泡刺激素浓度低和窦卵泡生长在成熟的最后阶段停滞有关。可通过氯米芬、他莫昔芬、芳香化酶抑制剂、二甲双胍、糖皮质激素或促性腺激素等药物治疗，或通过腹腔镜卵巢打孔术进行手术治疗。当其他方法失败时，体外受精仍将是实现妊娠的最后选择。长期慢性无排卵也与子宫内膜增生和癌的风险增加有关，应认真进行调查和治疗。雄激素相关症状会因患者而异，如多毛症、痤疮和/或脱发。这些表现会给患者带来困扰，需要进行充分的治疗。替代医学作为治疗不同健康问题的常用药物之一，正在兴起。这篇综述强调了它对治疗不同症状的贡献。
