Centre for Kidney Research, NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Renal Medicine, Cochrane Renal Group, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nephrology (Carlton). 2011 Mar;16(3):326-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01415.x.
We evaluated the association between fluid and nutrient intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Two cross-sectional population-based studies. Validated nutrition food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) administered to people >50 years, identified in a door-to-door census of a well-defined suburban area. Based upon nutrition tables we calculated intakes of over 40 nutrients (factors) and total daily energy intake. Primary outcome was CKD. Fluid (total content of fluid and drinks assessed in the FFQ) and nutrient intake was stratified in quintiles and association with CKD analysed by logistic regression, expressed as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios, with testing for linear trend.
The proportion of participants who completed the FFQ and had glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures was 2744/3654 (75.0%) for the first and 2476/3508 (70.6%) for the second survey. CKD was present in 12.4-23.5% men and 14.9-28.7% women (mean ages 66.4-65.4 years), respectively. Participants who had the highest quintile of fluid intake (3.2 L/day) had a significantly lower risk of CKD (odds ratio 0.5, 95%CI 0.32 to 0.77, P for trend = 0.003). These findings were consistent across both study periods, both equations to calculate GFR and both GFR thresholds.
Higher intakes of fluid appear to protect against CKD. CKD may be preventable at a population level with low-cost increased fluid intake.
我们评估了液体和营养摄入与慢性肾脏病（CKD）之间的关系。
两项基于人群的横断面研究。对 50 岁以上人群进行了经过验证的营养食物频率问卷（FFQ）调查，这些人群是通过对一个明确界定的郊区进行逐户普查确定的。根据营养表，我们计算了超过 40 种营养素（因素）和总日能量摄入。主要结局是 CKD。将液体（FFQ 中评估的液体总量和饮料）和营养素摄入量分为五分位数，并通过逻辑回归分析其与 CKD 的关系，以未经调整和调整后的优势比表示，并进行线性趋势检验。
完成 FFQ 并进行肾小球滤过率（GFR）测量的参与者比例为第一次调查的 2744/3654（75.0%）和第二次调查的 2476/3508（70.6%）。男性 CKD 的患病率为 12.4%-23.5%，女性为 14.9%-28.7%（平均年龄为 66.4-65.4 岁）。液体摄入量最高五分位数（3.2 L/天）的参与者发生 CKD 的风险显著降低（优势比 0.5，95%CI 0.32 至 0.77，趋势检验 P=0.003）。这些发现与两个研究期、两种 GFR 计算方程和两个 GFR 阈值均一致。
液体摄入量较高似乎可以预防 CKD。通过低成本增加液体摄入，CKD 可能在人群层面得到预防。
