Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
IEEE Trans Image Process. 2011 Aug;20(8):2189-99. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2011.2118216. Epub 2011 Feb 22.
Geometric distortions are generally simple and effective attacks for many watermarking methods. They can make detection and extraction of the embedded watermark difficult or even impossible by destroying the synchronization between the watermark reader and the embedded watermark. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking approach which allows watermark detection and extraction under affine transformation attacks. The novelty of our approach stands on a set of affine invariants we derived from Legendre moments. Watermark embedding and detection are directly performed on this set of invariants. We also show how these moments can be exploited for estimating the geometric distortion parameters in order to permit watermark extraction. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust to a wide range of attacks: geometric distortion, filtering, compression, and additive noise.
几何变形通常是许多水印方法的简单而有效的攻击手段。它们可以通过破坏水印读取器和嵌入水印之间的同步来使嵌入水印的检测和提取变得困难甚至不可能。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的水印方法，允许在仿射变换攻击下进行水印检测和提取。我们的方法的新颖之处在于从勒让德矩中得到的一组仿射不变量。水印的嵌入和检测直接在这个不变量集上进行。我们还展示了如何利用这些矩来估计几何失真参数，以便允许提取水印。实验结果表明，所提出的水印方案对各种攻击具有鲁棒性：几何变形、滤波、压缩和加性噪声。
