School of Nursing, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
J Fam Nurs. 2011 Feb;17(1):11-28. doi: 10.1177/1074840710394854.
Family members caring for aging parents experience both negative and positive outcomes from providing care. Theoretical explanations for negative outcomes have been developed. There is need for models that explain and predict positive outcomes. This article describes the evolution of the Caregiver Empowerment Model (CEM) to explain and predict positive outcomes of family caregiving. Although empirical findings support positive outcomes of family caregiving, less attention has been given to theoretical rationale for positive effects. The CEM predicts that, in the presence of filial values and certain background variables, caregiving demands are appraised as challenges instead of stressors. Appraising caregiving demands as a challenge, finding meaning, and using certain types of coping strategies are posited to be associated with growth and well-being. The CEM extends our understanding of the complexity of the caregiving experience, and can serve as a framework to guide in developing and testing theory-based interventions to promote positive outcomes.
家庭成员照顾年迈的父母，在提供照顾的过程中既有负面的也有正面的结果。已经有理论解释了负面结果的原因。需要有模型来解释和预测积极的结果。本文描述了照顾者赋权模型（CEM）的发展，以解释和预测家庭照顾的积极结果。尽管实证研究支持家庭照顾的积极结果，但对积极影响的理论基础关注较少。CEM 预测，在存在孝顺价值观和某些背景变量的情况下，照顾需求被评估为挑战而不是压力源。将照顾需求评估为挑战、寻找意义和使用某些类型的应对策略，被认为与成长和幸福感有关。CEM 扩展了我们对照顾体验复杂性的理解，可以作为一个框架，指导基于理论的干预措施的制定和测试，以促进积极的结果。
