MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
BMB Rep. 2011 Feb;44(2):87-95. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2011.44.2.87.
Enzymatic catalysis has been pursued extensively in a wide range of important chemical processes for their unparalleled selectivity and mild reaction conditions. However, enzymes are usually costly and easy to inactivate in their free forms. Immobilization is the key to optimizing the in-service performance of an enzyme in industrial processes, particularly in the field of non-aqueous phase catalysis. Since the immobilization process for enzymes will inevitably result in some loss of activity, improving the activity retention of the immobilized enzyme is critical. To some extent, the performance of an immobilized enzyme is mainly governed by the supports used for immobilization, thus it is important to fully understand the properties of supporting materials and immobilization processes. In recent years, there has been growing concern in using polymeric materials as supports for their good mechanical and easily adjustable properties. Furthermore, a great many work has been done in order to improve the activity retention and stabilities of immobilized enzymes. Some introduce a spacer arm onto the support surface to improve the enzyme mobility. The support surface is also modified towards biocompatibility to reduce non-biospecific interactions between the enzyme and support. Besides, natural materials can be used directly as supporting materials owning to their inert and biocompatible properties. This review is focused on recent advances in using polymeric materials as hosts for lipase immobilization by two different methods, surface attachment and encapsulation. Polymeric materials of different forms, such as particles, membranes and nanofibers, are discussed in detail. The prospective applications of immobilized enzymes, especially the enzyme-immobilized membrane bioreactors (EMBR) are also discussed.
酶催化在广泛的重要化学过程中得到了广泛的应用，因为其具有无与伦比的选择性和温和的反应条件。然而，酶通常成本高昂，在自由形式下容易失活。固定化是优化酶在工业过程中（尤其是非水相催化领域）使用性能的关键。由于酶的固定化过程不可避免地会导致一些活性损失，因此提高固定化酶的活性保留率至关重要。在某种程度上，固定化酶的性能主要取决于用于固定化的载体，因此充分了解载体材料和固定化过程的性质非常重要。近年来，人们越来越关注使用聚合物材料作为载体，因为它们具有良好的机械性能和可调节的性质。此外，为了提高固定化酶的活性保留率和稳定性，已经做了大量的工作。一些人在载体表面引入间隔臂来提高酶的迁移率。载体表面也被修饰为具有生物相容性，以减少酶与载体之间的非生物特异性相互作用。此外，天然材料可以直接用作支撑材料，因为它们具有惰性和生物相容性。本文综述了近年来通过两种不同方法（表面附着和包埋）将脂肪酶固定在聚合物材料上的最新进展。详细讨论了不同形式的聚合物材料，如颗粒、膜和纳米纤维。还讨论了固定化酶的潜在应用，特别是酶固定化膜生物反应器（EMBR）。
