School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 May 1;357(1):168-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.01.014. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) with an enhanced photocatalytic activity was developed by doping it with calcium ions through a sol-gel method. The developed photocatalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, N(2) physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction. Their surface morphologies were studied using surface scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XPS analyses confirmed the presence of Ti, O, Ca, and C in the Ca-doped TiO(2) sample. The activities of the catalysts were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye, acid red 1 (AR1), using UV light irradiation. The results of the investigations revealed that the samples calcined at 300 °C for 3.6h in a cyclic (2 cycles) mode had the best performance. Lower percentage dopant, 0.3-1.0 wt.%, enhanced the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2), with the best at 0.5 wt.% Ca-TiO(2). The performance of 0.5 wt.% Ca-TiO(2) in the degradation of AR1 was far superior to that of a commercial anatase TiO(2) Sigma product CAS No. 1317-70-0. The effect of pH on the degradation of AR1 was studied, and the pH of the dye solution exerted a great influence on the degradation of the dye.
通过溶胶-凝胶法掺杂钙离子来制备具有增强光催化活性的二氧化钛（TiO(2)）。通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、N(2)物理吸附、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和 X 射线衍射对开发的光催化剂进行了表征。使用表面扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了它们的表面形貌。XPS 分析证实了 Ca 掺杂 TiO(2)样品中存在 Ti、O、Ca 和 C。通过使用紫外光照射光催化降解偶氮染料酸性红 1（AR1）来评估催化剂的活性。研究结果表明，在 300°C 下以 3.6h 的循环（2 个循环）模式煅烧的样品具有最佳性能。较低的掺杂百分比，0.3-1.0wt.%，增强了 TiO(2)的光催化活性，其中 0.5wt.% Ca-TiO(2)的效果最佳。0.5wt.% Ca-TiO(2)在 AR1 降解中的性能远优于 Sigma 产品 CAS No. 1317-70-0 的商业锐钛矿 TiO(2)。研究了 pH 值对 AR1 降解的影响，染料溶液的 pH 值对染料的降解有很大影响。
