School of Education, Leslie and Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
Res Dev Disabil. 2011 May-Jun;32(3):1011-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.048. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
Individuals with ADHD often show performance deficits in motor tasks. It is not clear, however, whether this reflects less effective acquisition of skill (procedural knowledge), or deficient consolidation into long-term memory, in ADHD. The aim of the study was to compare the acquisition of skilled motor performance, the expression of delayed--consolidation phase--gains and retention, in persons with and without ADHD. Thirty-two participants, 16 with ADHD, were trained on a sequence of finger movements using a well-established training protocol, and tested before training and immediately, 24h and 2 weeks after training. Both groups showed similar within-session gains in speed; additional, delayed gains were expressed at 24h, but less robustly in ADHD, and at 2 weeks post-training. However, while controls showed significant delayed gains in accuracy at 24h and 2 weeks post-training, accuracy deteriorated in ADHD from pre-training to 24h post-training and was only at pre-training levels by 2-weeks post-training. Our results demonstrate a latent memory consolidation phase in motor sequence learning, expressed as delayed gains in speed and a much delayed recovery of pre-training accuracy, in individuals with ADHD. However, both the acquisition and memory consolidation of motor skills are atypical in ADHD.
患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个体在运动任务中常常表现出表现缺陷。然而，目前尚不清楚这是否反映了 ADHD 患者在技能习得（程序性知识）方面效率较低，或者在长期记忆中巩固不足。本研究的目的是比较 ADHD 患者和非 ADHD 患者在熟练运动表现的习得、延迟巩固阶段收益的表达以及保留方面的差异。32 名参与者，16 名患有 ADHD，使用成熟的训练方案对手指运动序列进行训练，并在训练前、训练后即刻、24 小时和 2 周后进行测试。两组在速度上都表现出相似的单次训练内收益；此外，在 24 小时时表达了延迟收益，但在 ADHD 中收益较弱，在 2 周后训练时收益更弱。然而，尽管对照组在 24 小时和 2 周后训练时准确性表现出明显的延迟收益，但 ADHD 组从训练前到 24 小时后训练时准确性下降，只有在 2 周后训练时才达到训练前的水平。我们的研究结果表明，在 ADHD 患者中，运动序列学习存在潜在的记忆巩固阶段，表现为速度上的延迟收益以及训练前准确性的延迟恢复。然而，运动技能的习得和记忆巩固在 ADHD 中都是非典型的。
