Owen R J, Bickley J
Campylobacter Special Projects Unit, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, UK.
Methods Mol Med. 1997;8:81-8. doi: 10.1385/0-89603-381-3:81.
Since Helicobacter pylori was first described in 1983 (1), the study of genomic DNA has been central to the development of its microbiology and molecular genetics. For instance, DNA base composition estimation (mol% G+C) was crucial in demonstrating affinities of the microorganism to the genus Campylobacter (2). Likewise, DNA-DNA hybridization assays revealed a high degree of base sequence homology between different isolates of H. pylori, yet a low relatedness to Campylobacter fetus and other species of Campylobacter (3). In 1987, rRNA-DNA hybridization and hybrid thermal stability analyses were used to show that H. pylori was phylogenetically distinct from Campylobacter sensu stricto and that the species merited classification in a new genus (4). The most significant application of DNA analysis has been in showing the diversity between genomes of different strains within H. pylori. The first indication of such genome diversity was from restriction endonuclease digest analysis of genomic DNA (6) and was subsequently confirmed by ribosomal RNA gene analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of urease and other genes (7).
自1983年首次发现幽门螺杆菌以来（1），基因组DNA的研究一直是其微生物学和分子遗传学发展的核心。例如，DNA碱基组成估计（mol% G+C）对于证明该微生物与弯曲杆菌属的亲缘关系至关重要（2）。同样，DNA-DNA杂交试验显示幽门螺杆菌不同分离株之间具有高度的碱基序列同源性，但与胎儿弯曲杆菌和弯曲杆菌属的其他物种的亲缘关系较低（3）。1987年，rRNA-DNA杂交和杂交热稳定性分析被用于表明幽门螺杆菌在系统发育上与狭义的弯曲杆菌不同，该物种值得分类到一个新属中（4）。DNA分析最重要的应用在于显示幽门螺杆菌不同菌株基因组之间的多样性。这种基因组多样性的第一个迹象来自基因组DNA的限制性内切酶消化分析（6），随后通过核糖体RNA基因分析以及基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）的脲酶和其他基因分析得到证实（7）。
