Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94395-2130, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2011 Apr;87(1):161-3. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.008. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
It has been suggested that high arousal negative affective states, but not low arousal negative affective states, potentiate the startle response. Because sadness has generally been studied as a low arousal emotion, it remains unclear whether high arousal sadness would produce startle potentiation to a similar degree as high arousal fear. To address this issue, 32 participants viewed two sets of 10-min film clips selected to induce two affective states of high subjective arousal (fear, sadness) and a neutral state of low subjective arousal, while the eyeblink startle response associated with brief noise bursts was assessed using orbicularis oculi EMG. Larger blink magnitude was found for fearful than for sad or neutral clips. Implications for conceptualizing sadness are discussed.
有人认为，高唤醒的消极情绪状态而非低唤醒的消极情绪状态会增强惊跳反应。由于悲伤通常被视为低唤醒情绪，因此尚不清楚高唤醒的悲伤是否会像高唤醒的恐惧那样产生相似程度的惊跳增强。为了解决这个问题，32 名参与者观看了两组 10 分钟的电影片段，这些片段旨在引起两种高主观唤醒的情绪状态（恐惧、悲伤）和一种低主观唤醒的中性状态，同时使用眼轮匝肌 EMG 评估与短暂噪声爆发相关的眨眼惊跳反应。与悲伤或中性片段相比，参与者对恐惧片段的眨眼幅度更大。讨论了对悲伤进行概念化的含义。
