Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Neuroscience. 2011 Apr 28;180:85-95. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.039. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
Similar adaptations improve both proactive and reactive control of center-of-mass (COM) stability and limb support against gravity during different daily tasks (e.g., sit-to-stand and walking) as a consequence of perturbation training for resisting falls. Yet it is unclear whether--or to what extent--such similarities actually promote inter-task generalization. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine whether young adults could indeed transfer their adaptive control, acquired from sit-to-stand-slip, to improve their likelihood of a recovery from an unannounced novel slip in walking. Subjects underwent either repeated slips during sit-to-stand before experiencing an unannounced, novel slip during walking (training group, n=20), or they received no prior training before the same gait-slip (control group, n=23). The subjects demonstrated training-induced generalization of their improved proactive control of stability in post-training (unperturbed) gait pattern that was more stable against backward balance loss than was that of their own pre-training pattern as well the gait pattern of the subjects in the control group. Upon the unannounced novel gait-slip, the training group showed significantly lower incidence of both falls and balance loss than that shown by the control, resulting from the improvements in the reactive control of limb support and slip velocity, which directly influenced the control of their COM stability. Such transfer could occur when the subjects' central nervous system recalibrates the non-task-specific, generalized representation of stability limits during the initial training to guide both their feed-forward adjustments and their feedback responses. The findings of the inter-task generalization suggests that behavioral changes induced via the perturbation training paradigm have the potential to prevent falls across the spectrum of cyclic and non-cyclic activities.
类似的适应性调整可改善在不同日常任务（如坐站和行走）中对质心（COM）稳定性和肢体对重力的支撑的主动和被动控制，这是由于针对跌倒进行的扰动训练。然而，目前尚不清楚这种相似性是否确实能促进任务间的泛化。因此，本研究的目的是确定年轻人是否真的可以将他们从坐站滑动中获得的自适应控制转移到提高他们从意外的新型行走滑动中恢复的可能性。在经历意外的新型行走滑动之前，受试者要么经历多次坐站滑动（训练组，n=20），要么在进行相同步态滑动之前没有接受任何预先训练（对照组，n=23）。受试者在训练后的（未受干扰的）步态模式中表现出了稳定性的主动控制的训练诱导的泛化，与自身训练前的模式以及对照组受试者的步态模式相比，该模式对向后平衡丧失具有更好的稳定性。在意外的新型步态滑动中，训练组跌倒和平衡丧失的发生率明显低于对照组，这是由于对肢体支撑和滑动速度的反应控制的改善，这直接影响到对他们的 COM 稳定性的控制。当受试者的中枢神经系统在初始训练过程中重新校准非任务特定的、稳定性的通用表示以指导其前馈调整和反馈响应时，可能会发生这种转移。跨任务泛化的发现表明，通过扰动训练范式诱导的行为变化有可能预防在循环和非循环活动范围内的跌倒。
