Université de Nantes, MMS, EA2160, Faculté de pharmacie, 1 rue G. Veil, BP 53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Chemosphere. 2011 Jun;84(1):166-74. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.003. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Engineered nano-sized Cu oxide particles are extensively used in diverse applications. Because aquatic environments are the ultimate "sink" for all contaminants, it is expected that nanoparticles (NP) will follow the same fate. In this study, two marine invertebrates Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor were chosen as ecotoxicological models. The aim was to evaluate behavioural (burrowing kinetics, feeding rate) and biochemical (biomarkers) responses of S. plana and H. diversicolor exposed in the laboratory to Cu (10 μg L(-1)) added in natural seawater either in the form of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) of CuO or as dissolved Cu in 2% HNO(3). Exposure was characterized by considering (i) the physico-chemical fate of NP (ii) the fraction of labile Cu in experimental media and (iii) Cu bioaccumulation. Results showed high aggregation of CuO NPs in seawater and no additional bioavailable Cu concentrations. Behavioural impairments were observed in S. plana exposed to CuO NPs or soluble Cu whereas in H. diversicolor, only the exposure to soluble Cu led to a burrowing decrease. No obvious neurotoxicity effects were revealed since in both species, no changes in cholinesterasic activity occurred in response to both forms of Cu exposure. Biomarkers of oxidative-stress catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were enhanced in both species whereas superoxide dismutase was increased only in S. plana exposed to CuO NPs. Metallothionein-like protein was increased in bivalves exposed to both forms of Cu. Since, no detectable release of soluble Cu from CuO NPs occurred during the time of experiment, ecotoxicity effects seem to be related to CuO NPs themselves.
工程纳米级氧化铜颗粒在各种应用中被广泛使用。由于水生环境是所有污染物的最终“汇”，因此预计纳米颗粒（NP）将遵循相同的命运。在这项研究中，两种海洋无脊椎动物 Scrobicularia plana 和 Hediste diversicolor 被选为生态毒理学模型。目的是评估暴露在实验室中的 S. plana 和 H. diversicolor 的行为（挖掘动力学、摄食率）和生化（生物标志物）反应，暴露在天然海水中添加的 Cu（10 μg L(-1)) 形式为工程纳米级氧化铜（NPs）或 2% HNO(3)中的溶解 Cu。暴露特征包括：（i）NP 的物理化学命运；（ii）实验介质中不稳定 Cu 的分数；（iii）Cu 生物积累。结果表明，CuO NPs 在海水中高度聚集，没有额外的可利用 Cu 浓度。暴露于 CuO NPs 或可溶性 Cu 的 S. plana 表现出行为障碍，而在 H. diversicolor 中，仅暴露于可溶性 Cu 导致挖掘减少。由于在这两种物种中，对两种形式的 Cu 暴露都没有发生胆碱酯酶活性的变化，因此没有显示出明显的神经毒性效应。抗氧化应激酶过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶在两种物种中均增强，而超氧化物歧化酶仅在暴露于 CuO NPs 的 S. plana 中增加。两种形式的 Cu 暴露都会增加双壳类动物的金属硫蛋白样蛋白。由于在实验期间，从 CuO NPs 中没有检测到可溶 Cu 的释放，因此生态毒性效应似乎与 CuO NPs 本身有关。
