Urology Department, Asklipieion General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Eur J Cancer. 2011 Apr;47(6):819-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.01.005. Epub 2011 Feb 25.
The field of the potential applications of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) beyond their unambiguous cardiovascular beneficial effects is steadily increasing. In this regard, statins have also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and growth inhibitory properties. Regarding their role in carcinogenesis, both preclinical and clinical studies report conflicting results. Intriguingly, accumulating evidence suggests that statins may relate to decreased prostate cancer incidence and recurrence risk. However, data from clinical studies seem to be still weak and are confounded by several factors. Nonetheless, preclinical data suggest that statins might exert a chemopreventive role against prostate cancer by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and also inhibiting angiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis. Cholesterol lowering as well as statin pleiotropy through inhibition of the synthesis of isoprenoids have both been implicated in their anticancer properties. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the preventive or potentially harmful effects of statins on prostate tumourigenesis and conclude that statins should not be recommended for the prevention of prostate cancer development or progression based on the current data.
3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A（HMG-CoA）还原酶抑制剂（他汀类药物）在心血管有益作用之外的潜在应用领域正在稳步扩大。在这方面，他汀类药物还具有抗炎、免疫调节、抗氧化和生长抑制作用。关于它们在致癌作用中的作用，临床前和临床研究报告的结果相互矛盾。有趣的是，越来越多的证据表明，他汀类药物可能与降低前列腺癌的发病率和复发风险有关。然而，来自临床研究的数据似乎仍然较弱，并受到多种因素的影响。尽管如此，临床前数据表明，他汀类药物可能通过抑制前列腺癌细胞的增殖和诱导细胞凋亡，以及抑制血管生成、炎症和转移，发挥抗癌作用。降低胆固醇以及通过抑制异戊二烯合成的他汀类药物多效性都与其抗癌特性有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了支持他汀类药物在预防前列腺肿瘤发生方面的预防或潜在有害作用的临床前和临床证据，并得出结论，根据目前的数据，他汀类药物不应被推荐用于预防前列腺癌的发展或进展。
