Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2011 Apr;83(5):713-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.004. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Seven mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands (CWs), differing in their design characteristics, were set up in the open air to assess their efficiency to remove antibiotics from urban raw wastewater. A conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was simultaneously monitored. The experiment took place in autumn. An analytical methodology including HPLC-MS/MS was developed to measure antibiotic concentrations in the soluble water fraction, in the suspended solids fraction and in the WWTP sludge. Considering the soluble water fraction, the only easily eliminated antibiotics in the WWTP were doxycycline (61±38%) and sulfamethoxazole (60±26%). All the studied types of CWs were efficient for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (59±30-87±41%), as found in the WWTP, and, in addition, they removed trimethoprim (65±21-96±29%). The elimination of other antibiotics in CWs was limited by the specific system-configuration: amoxicillin (45±15%) was only eliminated by a free-water (FW) subsurface flow (SSF) CW planted with Typha angustifolia; doxycycline was removed in FW systems planted with T. angustifolia (65±34-75±40%), in a Phragmites australis-floating macrophytes system (62±31%) and in conventional horizontal SSF-systems (71±39%); clarithromycin was partially eliminated by an unplanted FW-SSF system (50±18%); erythromycin could only be removed by a P. australis-horizontal SSF system (64±30%); and ampicillin was eliminated by a T. angustifolia-floating macrophytes system (29±4%). Lincomycin was not removed by any of the systems (WWTP or CWs). The presence or absence of plants, the vegetal species (T. angustifolia or P. australis), the flow type and the CW design characteristics regulated the specific removal mechanisms. Therefore, CWs are not an overall solution to remove antibiotics from urban wastewater during cold seasons. However, more studies are needed to assess their ability in warmer periods and to determine the behaviour of full-scale systems.
为了评估不同设计特征的中观尺度人工湿地（CW）去除城市原污水中抗生素的效率，在户外建立了七个 CW 进行试验，同时监测了一个常规污水处理厂（WWTP）。试验于秋季进行。建立了包括高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）在内的分析方法，以测量可溶性水相、悬浮固体相和 WWTP 污泥中的抗生素浓度。考虑可溶性水相，WWTP 中唯一容易去除的抗生素是强力霉素（61±38%）和磺胺甲恶唑（60±26%）。所有研究类型的 CW 都对磺胺甲恶唑（59±30-87±41%）的去除有效，与 WWTP 中的情况相同，此外，它们还去除了甲氧苄啶（65±21-96±29%）。CW 中其他抗生素的去除受到特定系统配置的限制：阿莫西林（45±15%）仅被 Typha angustifolia 自由水（FW）潜流（SSF）CW 去除；强力霉素在 FW 系统中与 T. angustifolia（65±34-75±40%）、Phragmites australis-浮叶植物系统（62±31%）和传统水平 SSF 系统（71±39%）一起被去除；克拉霉素被未种植的 FW-SSF 系统部分去除（50±18%）；红霉素只能被 P. australis-水平 SSF 系统去除（64±30%）；氨苄西林被 T. angustifolia-浮叶植物系统去除（29±4%）。林可霉素没有被任何系统（WWTP 或 CW）去除。植物的存在与否、植物种类（T. angustifolia 或 P. australis）、水流类型和 CW 设计特征调节了特定的去除机制。因此，在寒冷季节，CW 并不是去除城市废水中抗生素的整体解决方案。然而，还需要更多的研究来评估它们在温暖季节的能力，并确定全尺寸系统的行为。
