Divers Stephen J, Stahl Scott J, Camus Alvin
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2010 Dec;41(4):677-87. doi: 10.1638/2010-0080.1.
The objective of this study was to establish a safe and effective endoscopic technique for the examination of coelomic viscera and for the collection of liver and kidney biopsy specimens from turtles by use of a 2.7-mm rigid endoscopy system that is commonly available in zoologic veterinary practice. Twenty-two adult freshwater turtles (Trachemys scripta) were anesthetized for both left and right coelioscopic examinations. Ease of entry and organ visualization were scored, and liver and kidney biopsy specimens were collected from each turtle by use of 1.7-mm endoscopic biopsy forceps. Biopsy samples were evaluated histologically for quality and crush artifact. Five days after surgery, all turtles were euthanatized and underwent full necropsy examination. For all 22 turtles, left and right mean entry and visualization scores were satisfactory to excellent for all measured parameters except spleen because the spleen was impossible to locate from the left side. No iatrogenic trauma was evident, and biopsy specimens were consistent with tissues collected at necropsy. Liver biopsies suffered from greater crush artifact, compared with kidney biopsies. By use of a 2.7-mm rigid endoscopy system, coelioscopy, liver and kidney biopsy procedures can be performed safely, swiftly, and with ease in turtles. Biopsy specimens obtained by this technique are suitable for histologic examination. Endoscopy is recommended for the examination and biopsy of coelomic viscera in chelonians.
本研究的目的是利用动物兽医实践中常用的2.7毫米硬性内窥镜系统，建立一种安全有效的内窥镜技术，用于检查龟的体腔脏器以及采集肝脏和肾脏活检标本。22只成年淡水龟（滑龟）接受了左右两侧的体腔镜检查麻醉。对进入的难易程度和器官可视化情况进行评分，并使用1.7毫米内窥镜活检钳从每只龟身上采集肝脏和肾脏活检标本。对活检样本进行组织学评估，以检查质量和挤压伪像。手术后5天，对所有龟实施安乐死并进行全面的尸检。对于所有22只龟，除脾脏外，所有测量参数的左右平均进入和可视化评分均为满意至优秀，因为从左侧无法找到脾脏。未发现明显的医源性创伤，活检标本与尸检时采集的组织一致。与肾脏活检相比，肝脏活检的挤压伪像更严重。通过使用2.7毫米硬性内窥镜系统，可以在龟身上安全、迅速且轻松地进行体腔镜检查、肝脏和肾脏活检操作。通过该技术获得的活检标本适合进行组织学检查。建议对龟的体腔脏器进行内窥镜检查和活检。
