Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Centro de Diabetes, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Oral Dis. 2011 Jul;17(5):515-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01805.x. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
The present study evaluated the relationship between periodontal disease and its clinical variables in Brazilian non-diabetic pregnant women (C), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
A periodontal exam was performed in one hundred and sixty-one pregnant women (GDM:80; T1DM:31; C:50) by a single-blinded calibrated examiner who recorded plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI), gingival margin location (GM), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and tooth mobility index (MI). The medical variables were age, pregestational body mass index (pre-BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c) ).
The GI, GM, PD, CAL, BOP, and MI were significantly higher (P < 0.01) among GDM and T1DM than for C. The PI was higher in GDM and similar between C and T1DM. The Adjusted Final Model for medical variables to evaluate the effects of groups on periodontal parameters confirmed these results.
The presence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in Brazilian diabetic pregnancies (GDM and T1DM) when compared to non-diabetic pregnant women (C). The degree of periodontal disease was similar between the GDM and T1DM groups. Age, pregestational BMI, and HbA(1c) were factors related to CAL development in these two types of diabetes mellitus.
本研究评估了牙周病及其临床变量与巴西非糖尿病孕妇（C 组）、妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）或 1 型糖尿病（T1DM）之间的关系。
由一名经过单盲校准的检查者对 161 名孕妇（GDM：80 例；T1DM：31 例；C：50 例）进行牙周检查，记录菌斑指数（PI）、牙龈指数（GI）、出血指数（BI）、牙龈边缘位置（GM）、探诊深度（PD）、临床附着水平（CAL）、探诊出血（BOP）和牙齿松动指数（MI）。医学变量包括年龄、孕前体重指数（pre-BMI）、空腹血糖（FPG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）。
GDM 和 T1DM 的 GI、GM、PD、CAL、BOP 和 MI 均显著高于 C 组（P<0.01）。GDM 的 PI 高于 C 组，而 C 组和 T1DM 组的 PI 相似。调整医学变量的最终模型用于评估各组对牙周参数的影响，证实了这些结果。
与非糖尿病孕妇（C 组）相比，巴西糖尿病孕妇（GDM 和 T1DM）的牙周病患病率明显更高。GDM 和 T1DM 两组的牙周病严重程度相似。年龄、孕前 BMI 和 HbA1c 是这两种类型糖尿病 CAL 发展的相关因素。
