Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
J Periodontol. 2013 Jun;84(6):725-31. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.120235. Epub 2012 Aug 8.
This study explored whether there is any change of periodontal disease status during and after pregnancy. We also examined whether the change is different between females with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and females without GDM during pregnancy.
A follow-up study was conducted at Woman's Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Thirty-nine females who were previously enrolled in a case-control study during pregnancy were followed an average of 22 months postpartum. Periodontal status was assessed through dental examinations performed both during and after pregnancy. Clinical periodontal parameters included bleeding on probing (BOP), mean probing depth (PD), and mean clinical attachment level (CAL). Periodontitis was defined as the presence of ≥1 sites exhibiting PD ≥4 mm or CAL ≥4 mm. We used generalized estimating equation analysis to examine the change of periodontal status.
Mean number and percentage of sites with BOP decreased from 10.7 ± 11.6 (mean ± SD) and 6.5% ± 7.0% during pregnancy to 7.1 ± 8.8 and 4.3% ± 5.3% at 22 months postpartum (P <0.05), respectively. Mean levels of PD and CAL decreased from 1.8 ± 0.4 mm and 1.9 ± 0.3 mm to 1.6 ± 0.3 mm and 1.6 ± 0.3 mm (P <0.01), respectively. The prevalence of periodontitis decreased from 66.7% to 33.3% (P <0.01, adjusted risk ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.3 to 3.4). There was no difference in the change of periodontal status between females with GDM and females without GDM during pregnancy.
Pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease. The association is not different between females with GDM and females without GDM during pregnancy.
本研究旨在探讨女性在妊娠期间及其产后牙周病状况是否发生变化，以及患有妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和未患 GDM 的女性在妊娠期间牙周病的变化是否存在差异。
本研究为随访研究，在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日的妇女医院进行。平均产后 22 个月时，对之前参加过妊娠期间病例对照研究的 39 名女性进行了随访。在妊娠期间和产后通过牙科检查评估牙周状况。临床牙周参数包括探诊出血（BOP）、平均探诊深度（PD）和平均临床附着水平（CAL）。牙周炎定义为至少有 1 个位点的 PD≥4mm 或 CAL≥4mm。我们使用广义估计方程分析来检测牙周状况的变化。
BOP 的平均位点数和百分比分别从妊娠时的 10.7±11.6（均数±标准差）和 6.5%±7.0%，降至产后 22 个月时的 7.1±8.8 和 4.3%±5.3%（P<0.05）。PD 和 CAL 的平均水平分别从 1.8±0.4mm 和 1.9±0.3mm，降至 1.6±0.3mm 和 1.6±0.3mm（P<0.01）。牙周炎的患病率从 66.7%降至 33.3%（P<0.01，调整风险比=2.1，95%置信区间=1.3 至 3.4）。患有 GDM 和未患 GDM 的女性在妊娠期间牙周病状况变化无差异。
妊娠可能与牙周病风险增加相关，这种关联在患有 GDM 和未患 GDM 的女性之间并无差异。
