Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Mar;11(3):236-47. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70264-4.
The emergence of resistant pathogens in response to selection pressure by drugs and their possible disappearance when drug use is discontinued are evolutionary processes common to many pathogens. Population biological models have been used to study the dynamics of resistance in viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic microparasites both at the level of the individual treated host and of the treated host population. Despite the existence of generic features that underlie such evolutionary dynamics, different conclusions have been reached about the key factors affecting the rate of resistance evolution and how to best use drugs to minimise the risk of generating high levels of resistance. Improved understanding of generic versus specific population biological aspects will help to translate results between different studies, and allow development of a more rational basis for sustainable drug use than exists at present.
耐药病原体的出现是对药物选择压力的一种进化反应，而当停止使用药物时，它们可能会消失，这是许多病原体共有的进化过程。种群生物学模型被用于研究个体受治疗宿主和受治疗宿主群体水平上病毒、细菌和真核微寄生虫的耐药性动态。尽管存在着作为这种进化动态基础的一般特征，但对于影响耐药进化速度的关键因素以及如何最好地使用药物来最大程度地降低产生高水平耐药性的风险，已经得出了不同的结论。更好地理解一般和具体的种群生物学方面将有助于在不同研究之间进行结果的转化，并为可持续药物使用提供比目前更合理的基础。
