National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2011 Jul;37(4):276-87. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3156. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
Using a prospective design, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between workplace bullying and mental distress.
Altogether, 1971 Norwegian employees, recruited from 20 organizations, answered questions regarding workplace bullying and mental distress at both baseline and follow-up. Baseline data were gathered between 2004-2006, and follow-up data were gathered between 2006-2009. The time-lag between baseline and follow-up was approximately two years for all the respondents in all the organizations. The factors measured in the study were individual characteristics, mental distress measured with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10), self-reported workplace bullying measured with a single item from the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic) and job demands and job control assessed by QPSNordic.
A multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for mental distress, sex, age, job demands and job control at baseline [β=0.05, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.03-0.17] and a repeated measures ANOVA adjusted for sex and age [F(3,1965)=38.37; partial η (2)=0.06] showed that workplace bullying predicted mental distress. Furthermore, a multiple binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for bullying, sex, age, job demands and job control at baseline [odds ratio (OR) 2.30, 95% CI 1.43-3.69] showed that mental distress was a predictor of bullying.
We found support for the notion that self-reported workplace bullying is a predictor of mental distress two years later. Bullying had an independent effect on mental distress after adjusting for job demands and job control. Mental distress was also found to be a predictor of bullying, indicating that the reverse relationship is also important.
采用前瞻性设计，本研究旨在确定工作场所欺凌与心理困扰之间的关系。
共有 1971 名挪威员工，从 20 个组织中招募，在基线和随访时回答有关工作场所欺凌和心理困扰的问题。基线数据收集于 2004-2006 年，随访数据收集于 2006-2009 年。所有组织的所有受访者的基线和随访之间的时间间隔约为两年。该研究中测量的因素包括个体特征、使用 Hopkins 症状检查表（HSCL-10）测量的心理困扰、使用一般北欧工作心理和社会因素问卷（QPSNordic）中的单项测量的自我报告工作场所欺凌以及通过 QPSNordic 评估的工作需求和工作控制。
调整基线时的心理困扰、性别、年龄、工作需求和工作控制的多元线性回归分析[β=0.05，95%置信区间（95%CI）0.03-0.17]和调整性别和年龄的重复测量方差分析[F(3,1965)=38.37；部分η(2)=0.06]表明工作场所欺凌预测心理困扰。此外，调整基线时的欺凌、性别、年龄、工作需求和工作控制的多元二项逻辑回归分析[比值比（OR）2.30，95%CI 1.43-3.69]表明心理困扰是欺凌的预测因素。
我们发现，自我报告的工作场所欺凌是两年后心理困扰的预测因素，这一观点得到了支持。在调整工作需求和工作控制后，欺凌对心理困扰有独立影响。心理困扰也被发现是欺凌的预测因素，这表明相反的关系也很重要。
