Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Mycobacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Leprosy Research Center, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan.
J Endocrinol. 2011 May;209(2):169-74. doi: 10.1530/JOE-10-0486. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
Thyroid function is tightly regulated by TSH. Although individual follicles are exposed to the same blood supply of TSH and express relatively homogenous levels of the TSH receptor, the function of individual follicles is variable. It was shown that thyroglobulin (Tg), stored in the follicular lumen, is a potent negative feedback regulator of follicular function. Thus, physiological concentrations of Tg significantly suppress thyroid-specific gene expression and antagonize the TSH-mediated stimulation that induces expression of thyroid-specific genes. Tg coordinately regulates both basal and apical iodide transporters in thyroid follicular cells. Recently, it was also reported that Tg could induce thyroid cell growth in the absence of TSH. These results indicate that Tg is an essential autocrine regulator of physiological thyroid follicular function that counteracts the effects of TSH.
甲状腺功能受 TSH 的严格调控。尽管单个滤泡都暴露于相同的 TSH 血液供应中，并表达相对同质水平的 TSH 受体，但单个滤泡的功能是可变的。研究表明，储存在滤泡腔内的甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）是滤泡功能的强有力的负反馈调节剂。因此，生理浓度的 Tg 显著抑制甲状腺特异性基因表达，并拮抗 TSH 介导的刺激，后者诱导甲状腺特异性基因的表达。Tg 协调调节甲状腺滤泡细胞中的基础和顶端碘转运体。最近，也有报道称 Tg 可以在没有 TSH 的情况下诱导甲状腺细胞生长。这些结果表明，Tg 是生理甲状腺滤泡功能的必需自分泌调节剂，可拮抗 TSH 的作用。
