Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70808, USA.
Schizophr Res. 2011 May;128(1-3):136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.02.004. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
Affective disturbances in social domains are characteristic features and potential vulnerability markers of schizophrenia-spectrum pathology. The present study employed a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to understanding affect in individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy and the controls. Measures were employed assessing trait and state social affective experiences across direct--involving explicit deliberative responses, and indirect domains--involving implicit, behavioral or otherwise non-deliberative responses. The indirect assessments included a modified Implicit Association Test and computerized lexical analysis of natural speech procured during a laboratory speech task. Our affect measures were also unique in that they allowed for separate measurement of pleasant and unpleasant affect. On all direct trait and "in-the-moment" state measures of social affect, individuals with schizotypy reported dramatically decreased pleasant and increased unpleasant affect compared to controls. This was not the case for the indirect measures, which indicated no significant group differences. This pattern was generally consistent regardless of positive, negative and disorganized schizotypal trait severity. These data suggest that affective deficits in schizotypy reflect deliberative rather than implicit/automatic processes. Implications of these findings are discussed.
社交领域的情感障碍是精神分裂症谱系病理学的特征和潜在脆弱性标志物。本研究采用综合的、多维的方法来理解具有心理定义的精神分裂症特质个体和对照组的情感。研究采用了多种措施来评估特质和状态的社会情感体验，包括直接涉及明确的深思熟虑反应的领域，以及间接涉及隐含的、行为的或其他非深思熟虑反应的领域。间接评估包括改良的内隐联想测验和在实验室言语任务中获取的自然言语的计算机化词汇分析。我们的情感测量方法也很独特，因为它们允许分别测量愉快和不愉快的情感。在所有直接的特质和“当下”状态的社会情感测量中，与对照组相比，精神分裂症特质个体报告了明显减少的愉快和增加的不愉快情感。这与间接测量的情况不同，间接测量没有显示出显著的组间差异。无论积极、消极和紊乱的精神分裂症特质严重程度如何，这种模式基本一致。这些数据表明，精神分裂症特质中的情感缺陷反映了深思熟虑的过程，而不是隐含的/自动的过程。讨论了这些发现的意义。
