Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, ZP11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
Behav Brain Res. 2011 Aug 1;221(1):134-41. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.005. Epub 2011 Mar 12.
Coca-paste (CP) is a drug of abuse that so far has not been extensively characterized. CP is an intermediate product of the cocaine alkaloid extraction process from coca leaves, hence it has a high content of cocaine base mixed with other chemical substances (impurities) and it is probably adulterated when it reaches the consumers. Despite its high prevalence and distribution through South America, little is known about its effects on the central nervous system. In the present study, a chemical analysis of CP samples from different police seizures was performed to determine the cocaine base content and the presence and content of impurities and adulterants. Some CP representative samples were selected to study the effects on the locomotor activity induced after acute systemic administration in rats as a measure of its stimulant action. The behavioral response was compared to equivalent doses of cocaine. As expected, cocaine was the main component in most of the CP samples assayed. Caffeine was the only active adulterant detected. Interestingly, several CP samples elicited a higher stimulant effect compared to that observed after cocaine when administered at equivalent doses of cocaine base. Combined treatment of cocaine and caffeine, as surrogate of different CP samples mimicked their stimulant effect. We demonstrated that cocaine and caffeine are the main components responsible for the CP-induced stimulant action while the contribution of the impurities was imperceptible.
古柯糊（CP）是一种滥用药物，迄今为止尚未得到广泛描述。CP 是从古柯叶中提取可卡因生物碱的中间产物，因此它含有高浓度的可卡因碱，混合有其他化学物质（杂质），并且在到达消费者手中时可能被掺假。尽管它在南美洲广泛流行和分布，但人们对其对中枢神经系统的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，对来自不同警方缉获的 CP 样本进行了化学分析，以确定可卡因碱的含量以及杂质和掺杂物的存在和含量。选择了一些 CP 代表性样本，以研究急性全身给药后对大鼠运动活动的影响，作为其刺激作用的衡量标准。将行为反应与可卡因的等效剂量进行比较。不出所料，可卡因是大多数 CP 样本中含量最多的主要成分。咖啡因是唯一检测到的活性掺杂物。有趣的是，与给予等效剂量的可卡因后观察到的可卡因相比，一些 CP 样本表现出更高的刺激作用。给予可卡因和咖啡因的联合治疗（作为不同 CP 样本的替代物）模拟了它们的刺激作用。我们证明，可卡因和咖啡因是 CP 诱导的刺激作用的主要成分，而杂质的贡献则微不足道。
