Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1295-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1200320.
A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols are derived from organic compounds with various volatilities. A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft made airborne measurements of the gaseous and aerosol composition of air over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred from April to August 2010. A narrow plume of hydrocarbons was observed downwind of DWH that is attributed to the evaporation of fresh oil on the sea surface. A much wider plume with high concentrations of organic aerosol (>25 micrograms per cubic meter) was attributed to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from unmeasured, less volatile hydrocarbons that were emitted from a wider area around DWH. These observations provide direct and compelling evidence for the importance of formation of SOA from less volatile hydrocarbons.
大气气溶胶的很大一部分是由各种挥发性有机化合物形成的。美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的 WP-3D 研究飞机对 2010 年 4 月至 8 月墨西哥湾深海地平线（DWH）溢油事件期间空气的气体和气溶胶成分进行了航空测量。在 DWH 的下风处观察到一条狭窄的碳氢化合物羽流，这归因于海面新油的蒸发。一个更宽的羽流，含有高浓度的有机气溶胶（>25 微克/立方米），归因于从 DWH 周围更广泛的区域排放的未测量的、挥发性较低的碳氢化合物形成的二次有机气溶胶（SOA）。这些观测结果为从挥发性较低的碳氢化合物形成 SOA 的重要性提供了直接而有力的证据。
