Singleton Grant R, Brown Peter R, Jacob Jens, Aplin Ken P
International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Nematology and Vertebrate Research, Münster, Germany Indonesian Institute for Rice Research, Central Research Institute for Food Crops, Subang, West Java, Indonesia.
Integr Zool. 2007 Dec;2(4):247-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2007.00067.x.
In this study, the ecological effects of culling programs are considered in the context of rodent pest management. Despite the escalation of rodent problems globally, over the past quarter of a century there have not been many new developments in culling programs directed at managing these populations. There is a strong reliance on broad scale use of chemical rodenticides or other lethal methods of control. The ecological consequences of culling programs based on chemical rodenticides and bounty systems are considered. Although rodents cause tremendous economic hardship to people on a continental scale, usually less than 10% of species cause substantial impacts. Indeed, many species of rodent provide important "ecological services" and, given that culling programs rarely distinguish between rodent species, often the non-pest rodents are at grave risk. Rodent control is conducted with little appreciation of what proportion of the population would need to be culled for a significant reduction in economic damage. In Indonesian rice fields, once rodent densities are high then a reduction in yield loss from 30% to 15% would require more than 75% of the population to be culled; a reduction to less than 5% yield loss would require more than a 95% cull. The negative ecological consequences of culling can be better managed if the method is specifically tailored to the species that need to be managed. A greater emphasis on ecologically-based rodent management would assist markedly in reducing the unwanted and unintended effects of culling.
在本研究中，我们在啮齿动物害虫管理的背景下考虑捕杀计划的生态影响。尽管全球啮齿动物问题不断升级，但在过去二十五年里，针对控制这些种群的捕杀计划并没有太多新的进展。目前严重依赖大规模使用化学灭鼠剂或其他致死性控制方法。我们考虑了基于化学灭鼠剂和赏金制度的捕杀计划的生态后果。虽然啮齿动物在大陆范围内给人们带来了巨大的经济困难，但通常只有不到10%的物种造成了实质性影响。事实上，许多啮齿动物物种提供了重要的“生态服务”，而且由于捕杀计划很少区分啮齿动物物种，非害虫啮齿动物往往面临着严重的风险。在进行啮齿动物控制时，很少考虑需要捕杀多大比例的种群才能显著减少经济损失。在印度尼西亚的稻田里，一旦啮齿动物密度很高，要将产量损失从30%降低到15%，就需要捕杀超过75%的种群；要将产量损失降低到5%以下，则需要捕杀超过95%的种群。如果捕杀方法专门针对需要管理的物种进行调整，那么捕杀带来的负面生态后果就能得到更好的控制。更加注重基于生态的啮齿动物管理将显著有助于减少捕杀带来的不良和意外影响。
