Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center, 111 Gaori-gil, Gangbuk-Gu, Seoul, Korea 142-884.
PM R. 2011 Mar;3(3):198-203. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.12.008.
To find an association between cognitive-perceptual problems of older drivers and unsafe driving performance during simulated automobile driving in a virtual environment.
Cross-sectional study.
A driver evaluation clinic in a rehabilitation hospital.
Fifty-five drivers aged 65 years or older and 48 drivers in their late twenties to early forties.
All participants underwent evaluation of cognitive-perceptual function and driving performance, and the results were compared between older and younger drivers. The association between cognitive-perceptual function and driving performance was analyzed.
Cognitive-perceptual function was evaluated with the Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD), a computer-based assessment tool consisting of depth perception, sustained attention, divided attention, the Stroop test, the digit span test, field dependency, and trail-making test A and B. Driving performance was evaluated with use of a virtual reality-based driving simulator. During simulated driving, car crashes were recorded, and an occupational therapist observed unsafe performances in controlling speed, braking, steering, vehicle positioning, making lane changes, and making turns.
Thirty-five older drivers did not pass the CPAD test, whereas all of the younger drivers passed the test. When using the driving simulator, a significantly greater number of older drivers experienced car crashes and demonstrated unsafe performance in controlling speed, steering, and making lane changes. CPAD results were associated with car crashes, steering, vehicle positioning, and making lane changes. Older drivers who did not pass the CPAD test are 4 times more likely to experience a car crash, 3.5 times more likely to make errors in steering, 2.8 times more likely to make errors in vehicle positioning, and 6.5 times more likely to make errors in lane changes than are drivers who passed the CPAD test.
Unsafe driving performance and car crashes during simulated driving were more prevalent in older drivers than in younger drivers. Unsafe performance in steering, vehicle positioning, making lane changes, and car crashes were associated with cognitive-perceptual dysfunction.
在虚拟环境下的模拟汽车驾驶中，寻找老年驾驶员认知知觉问题与不安全驾驶表现之间的关联。
横断面研究。
康复医院的驾驶员评估诊所。
55 名 65 岁或以上的驾驶员和 48 名 20 多岁至 40 岁出头的驾驶员。
所有参与者都接受了认知知觉功能和驾驶表现的评估，并且将结果与年轻驾驶员进行了比较。分析了认知知觉功能与驾驶表现之间的关联。
使用基于计算机的认知知觉评估工具（CPAD）评估认知知觉功能，CPAD 包括深度知觉、持续注意力、分散注意力、Stroop 测试、数字跨度测试、场依存性和追踪测试 A 和 B。使用虚拟现实驾驶模拟器评估驾驶表现。在模拟驾驶过程中，记录了汽车碰撞事件，职业治疗师观察了控制速度、制动、转向、车辆定位、变道和转弯等方面的不安全行为。
35 名老年驾驶员未能通过 CPAD 测试，而所有年轻驾驶员均通过了测试。在使用驾驶模拟器时，更多的老年驾驶员发生了汽车碰撞事故，并且在控制速度、转向和变道方面表现出不安全的行为。CPAD 结果与汽车碰撞、转向、车辆定位和变道有关。未能通过 CPAD 测试的老年驾驶员发生汽车碰撞的可能性是通过 CPAD 测试的驾驶员的 4 倍，发生转向错误的可能性是通过 CPAD 测试的驾驶员的 3.5 倍，发生车辆定位错误的可能性是通过 CPAD 测试的驾驶员的 2.8 倍，发生变道错误的可能性是通过 CPAD 测试的驾驶员的 6.5 倍。
在模拟驾驶中，老年驾驶员比年轻驾驶员更容易出现不安全的驾驶表现和汽车碰撞事故。在转向、车辆定位、变道和汽车碰撞事故方面的不安全表现与认知知觉功能障碍有关。
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