在我的车里，刹车在右边：老年驾驶员的踏板误操作。
In my car the brake is on the right: pedal errors among older drivers.
作者信息
Freund Barbara, Colgrove Leighanna A, Petrakos Davithoula, McLeod Rebecca
机构信息
The Glennan Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
出版信息
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Jan;40(1):403-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.07.012. Epub 2007 Aug 9.
PURPOSE
To assess to what extent specific cognitive functions contribute to pedal errors among older drivers.
METHODS
180 subjects aged 65 and older completed a 30 min driving evaluation on a simulator as well as three cognitive tests, the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test, and Trailmaking Part A and B. Analyses based on logistic regressions were performed using age, gender, MMSE, Trailmaking Part A and B, and Clock Drawing Test as independent variables.
RESULTS
Results indicate that Clock Drawing is the best predictor of pedal errors (odds ratio=10.04, p<.0001, 95% CI: 3.80, 26.63) followed by age > or =84 (odds ratio 6.10, p<.05, 95% CI: 1.77, 21.03). In contrast, Trailmaking Part A and B, gender, and the MMSE were not significantly related to pedal errors.
CONCLUSION
Executive dysfunction may be an important contributor to pedal errors and thus unsafe driving. Practitioners may wish to consider measures of executive function when evaluating patients for driving safety.
目的
评估特定认知功能在多大程度上导致老年驾驶员踏板操作失误。
方法
180名65岁及以上的受试者在模拟器上完成了30分钟的驾驶评估以及三项认知测试，即简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）、画钟测试以及连线测验A和B。以年龄、性别、MMSE、连线测验A和B以及画钟测试作为自变量，进行基于逻辑回归的分析。
结果
结果表明，画钟测试是踏板操作失误的最佳预测指标（优势比=10.04，p<0.0001，95%置信区间：3.80，26.63），其次是年龄≥84岁（优势比6.10，p<0.05，95%置信区间：1.77，21.03）。相比之下，连线测验A和B、性别以及MMSE与踏板操作失误无显著关联。
结论
执行功能障碍可能是导致踏板操作失误进而引发不安全驾驶的重要因素。从业者在评估患者驾驶安全性时，不妨考虑采用执行功能的测评方法。
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