Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Ann Intern Med. 2011 Mar 15;154(6):391-400. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-00004.
Unvaccinated health care personnel are at increased risk for transmitting vaccine-preventable diseases to their patients. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that health care personnel, including students, receive measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, varicella, influenza, and pertussis vaccines. Prematriculation vaccination requirements of health professional schools represent an early opportunity to ensure that health care personnel receive recommended vaccines.
To examine prematriculation vaccination requirements and related policies at selected health professional schools in the United States and compare requirements with current ACIP recommendations.
Cross-sectional study using an Internet-based survey.
Medical and baccalaureate nursing schools in the United States and its territories.
Deans of accredited medical schools granting MD (n = 130) and DO (n = 26) degrees and of baccalaureate nursing programs (n = 603).
Proportion of MD-granting and DO-granting schools and baccalaureate nursing programs that require that entering students receive vaccines recommended by the ACIP for health care personnel.
563 schools (75%) responded. More than 90% of all school types required measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis B vaccines for entering students; varicella vaccination also was commonly required. Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccination was required by 66%, 70%, and 75% of nursing, MD-granting, and DO-granting schools, respectively. Nursing and DO-granting schools (31% and 45%, respectively) were less likely than MD-granting schools (78%) to offer students influenza vaccines free of charge.
Estimates were conservative, because schools that reported that they did not require proof of immunity for a given vaccine were considered not to require that vaccine. Estimates also were restricted to schools that train physicians and nurses.
The majority of schools now require most ACIP-recommended vaccines for students. Medical and nursing schools should adopt policies on student vaccination and serologic testing that conform to ACIP recommendations and should encourage annual influenza vaccination by offering influenza vaccination to students at no cost.
None.
未接种疫苗的医护人员将疫苗可预防疾病传染给患者的风险增加。免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议医护人员（包括学生）接种麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、乙型肝炎、水痘、流感和百日咳疫苗。医科和学士学位护理学校的预入学疫苗接种要求代表了确保医护人员接种推荐疫苗的早期机会。
检查美国选定的卫生专业学校的预入学疫苗接种要求和相关政策，并将要求与当前的 ACIP 建议进行比较。
使用基于互联网的调查进行的横断面研究。
美国及其领土内的医学和学士学位护理学校。
经认可的授予医学博士（MD）学位和骨科医学博士（DO）学位的医学院院长（n = 130）和学士学位护理项目院长（n = 603）。
要求入学学生接种 ACIP 推荐给医护人员的疫苗的 MD 授予和 DO 授予学校和学士学位护理项目的比例。
563 所学校（75%）做出了回应。超过 90%的所有学校类型都要求入学学生接种麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和乙型肝炎疫苗；水痘疫苗接种也通常被要求接种。破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳疫苗分别被 66%、70%和 75%的护理、MD 授予和 DO 授予学校要求接种。护理和 DO 授予学校（分别为 31%和 45%）比 MD 授予学校（78%）更不可能为学生提供免费流感疫苗。
估计是保守的，因为报告未对特定疫苗要求免疫证明的学校被认为不需要该疫苗。估计还限于培训医生和护士的学校。
现在大多数学校都要求学生接种大多数 ACIP 推荐的疫苗。医学和护理学校应制定符合 ACIP 建议的学生疫苗接种和血清学检测政策，并应通过免费向学生提供流感疫苗来鼓励每年接种流感疫苗。
无。
