Department of Entomology, Cornell University-NYSAES, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Feb;104(1):1-13. doi: 10.1603/ec10269.
During the past two decades, onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become a global pest of increasing concern in commercial onion (Allium cepa L.), because of its development of resistance to insecticides, ability to transmit plant pathogens, and frequency of producing more generations at high temperatures. T. tabaci feeds directly on leaves, causing blotches and premature senescence as well as distorted and undersized bulbs. T. tabaci can cause yield loss > 50% but can be even more problematic when it transmits Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV was identified in 1981 in Brazil and has spread to many important onion-producing regions of the world, including several U.S. states. IYSV symptoms include straw-colored, dry, tan, spindle- or diamond-shaped lesions on the leaves and scapes of onion plants and can cause yield loss up to 100%. Here, we review the biology and ecology of T. tabaci and discuss current management strategies based on chemical, biological, and cultural control as well as host resistance. Future directions for research in integrated pest management are examined and discussed.
在过去的二十年中，葱蓟马（Thrips tabaci Lindeman）已成为洋葱（Allium cepa L.）商业种植中一种日益令人担忧的全球性害虫，原因是其对杀虫剂产生了抗药性、能够传播植物病原体，以及在高温下繁殖更多代的频率更高。葱蓟马直接以叶片为食，导致叶片出现斑点和过早衰老，以及鳞茎变形和变小。葱蓟马可能导致超过 50%的产量损失，但当它传播鸢尾黄斑点病毒（Bunyaviridae 科，Tospovirus 属，IYSV）时，问题可能更为严重。IYSV 于 1981 年在巴西被发现，已传播到世界上许多重要的洋葱种植区，包括美国的几个州。IYSV 的症状包括洋葱植株叶片和花梗上出现稻草色、干燥、棕褐色、纺锤形或菱形的病斑，可能导致高达 100%的产量损失。在这里，我们综述了葱蓟马的生物学和生态学，并根据化学、生物和文化控制以及宿主抗性讨论了当前的管理策略。还探讨和讨论了害虫综合治理研究的未来方向。
