Smith Erik A, Fuchs M, Shields E J, Nault B A
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456.
Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456.
Environ Entomol. 2015 Aug;44(4):921-30. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvv072. Epub 2015 May 13.
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a worldwide pest of onion whose feeding damage and transmission of Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) may reduce onion yields. Little is known about the seasonal dynamics of T. tabaci dispersal, the distance of dispersal, or the movement of thrips infected with IYSV during the onion-growing season. To address these questions, T. tabaci adults were collected using transparent sticky card traps in commercial onion fields three times during the onion-growing season (June, July, and late August) at varying heights above the canopy (0.5-6 m above soil surface) and with trap-equipped unmanned aircraft (UAVs) flying 50-60 m above onion fields during August sampling periods in 2012 and 2013. Randomly selected subsamples of captured T. tabaci were tested for IYSV using RT-PCR. Most T. tabaci adults were captured in late August and near the onion canopy (<2 m) throughout the season. However, 4% of T. tabaci adults captured on sticky cards were at altitudes ≥2 m, and T. tabaci were also captured on UAV-mounted traps. These data strongly suggest that long-distance dispersal occurs. More T. tabaci captured on sticky cards tested positive for IYSV in August (53.6%) than earlier in the season (2.3 to 21.5% in June and July, respectively), and 20 and 15% of T. tabaci captured on UAV-mounted traps tested positive for IYSV in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Our results indicate that T. tabaci adults, including viruliferous individuals, engage in long-distance dispersal late in the season and likely contribute to the spread of IYSV.
葱蓟马（Thrips tabaci Lindeman）是一种世界性的洋葱害虫，其取食危害以及传播鸢尾黄斑病毒（IYSV）会导致洋葱减产。在洋葱生长季节，关于葱蓟马的扩散季节动态、扩散距离或感染IYSV的蓟马的移动情况，人们了解甚少。为了解决这些问题，在洋葱生长季节（6月、7月和8月下旬），于商业洋葱田中使用透明粘卡诱捕器在冠层上方不同高度（土壤表面上方0.5 - 6米）分三次收集葱蓟马成虫，并在2012年和2013年8月采样期间，使用配备诱捕器的无人机在洋葱田上方50 - 60米飞行收集成虫。对捕获的葱蓟马随机选取的子样本进行RT-PCR检测IYSV。整个季节中，大多数葱蓟马成虫在8月下旬和靠近洋葱冠层（<2米）处被捕获。然而，在粘卡上捕获的葱蓟马成虫中有4%处于≥2米的高度，并且在无人机搭载的诱捕器上也捕获到了葱蓟马。这些数据有力地表明发生了远距离扩散。8月在粘卡上捕获的葱蓟马中检测出IYSV呈阳性的比例（53.6%）高于季节早期（6月和7月分别为2.3%至21.5%），2012年和2013年在无人机搭载诱捕器上捕获的葱蓟马中分别有20%和15%检测出IYSV呈阳性。我们的结果表明，包括带毒个体在内的葱蓟马成虫在季节后期进行远距离扩散，并且可能促成了IYSV的传播。
