Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, ESPCI-ParisTech, UMR CNRS 7636, Paris 6 & Paris 7 Universities, 10 rue vauquelin, 75 005 Paris, France.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2010 Dec 15;22(49):493101. doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/49/493101.
Although negligible at macroscopic scales, capillary forces become dominant as the sub-millimetric scales of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are considered. We review various situations, not limited to micro-technologies, where capillary forces are able to deform elastic structures. In particular, we define the different length scales that are relevant for 'elasto-capillary' problems. We focus on the case of slender structures (lamellae, rods and sheets) and describe the size of a bundle of wet hair, the condition for a flexible rod to pierce a liquid interface or the fate of a liquid droplet deposited on a flexible thin sheet. These results can be generalized to similar situations involving adhesion or fracture energy, which widens the scope of possible applications from biological systems, to stiction issues in micro-fabrication processes, the manufacturing of 3D microstructures or the formation of blisters in thin film coatings.
尽管在宏观尺度上可以忽略不计，但当考虑到亚毫米级别的微机电系统 (MEMS) 时，毛细作用力就变得至关重要。我们回顾了各种情况，不仅限于微技术，其中毛细作用力能够使弹性结构变形。特别是，我们定义了与“弹性毛细”问题相关的不同长度尺度。我们专注于细长结构（薄片、杆和板）的情况，并描述了一束湿发的大小、柔性杆刺穿液体界面的条件，或沉积在柔性薄板上的液滴的命运。这些结果可以推广到涉及粘附或断裂能的类似情况，这拓宽了可能的应用范围，从生物系统到微制造过程中的粘滞问题、3D 微结构的制造或薄膜涂层中的鼓泡形成。
