Duguet Anne-Marie, Bévière Bénédicte
INSERM, Unit 558, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
Eur J Health Law. 2011 Jan;18(1):27-35. doi: 10.1163/157180911x551899.
Health care is a fundamental human right in Europe, and all Member States recognise everyone's right to the access to preventive healthcare and to receive medical care in the event of sickness or pregnancy. Nevertheless, this right is focused on citizens and the application to migrants, particularly undocumented migrants, varies widely in the EU. The French legislation is organized with a humanitarian approach. In this article, the authors present the French system of social protection, the "Couvernture médicale universelle" or CMU, which provides the same protection to asylum seekers and documented immigrants as to nationals, and the "Aide médicale d'état" or AME, that is open to every person who does not fulfil the legal conditions to obtain the CMU, such as illegal immigrants. Created in 1995, recently access to the AME has been restricted. A claim of discrimination has been rejected by the Conseil d'Etat and 215,000 persons received the AME in 2009. The expenses incurred by the AME increased by 17% in 2010, and there is a debate in Parliament to limit care and to ask the recipient for a financial contribution.
在欧洲，医疗保健是一项基本人权，所有成员国都承认每个人都有权获得预防性医疗保健，并在生病或怀孕时接受医疗护理。然而，这项权利主要针对公民，在欧盟，其对移民，尤其是无证移民的适用情况差异很大。法国的立法采取了人道主义方式。在本文中，作者介绍了法国的社会保护体系，即“全民医疗保险”（CMU），它为寻求庇护者和有证件的移民提供与本国国民相同的保护，以及“国家医疗援助”（AME），该援助面向每一个不符合获得CMU法定条件的人，比如非法移民。AME创建于1995年，近来其获取资格受到了限制。一项歧视指控被最高行政法院驳回，2009年有21.5万人获得了AME。2010年AME产生的费用增加了17%，议会正在进行一场辩论，以限制医疗服务并要求接受者提供经济贡献。
