[中国北京不孕症患病率调查]

Yang Yan-Qing, Shen He, Chen Jie, Chen Zhen-Wen

National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China.

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Feb 1;91(5):313-6.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence of infertility and its risk factors in the fertile-age couples of Beijing, China.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey on the prevalence and risk factors was conducted from July 2007 to May 2008 in 7 Beijing districts. The districts were subdivided into the administrative units of "communities". A total of 33 communities were sampled and households selected randomly within each community. Of 5862 couples (women aged 20 - 49 years) who were eligible for an interview, 5632 (96.07%) provided information in relation to all the questionnaire questions. The other couples did not participate because they were not at home for the interview, or became incapacitated, refused or others. The trained interviewers administered a detailed questionnaire to each study couple at their home, collecting the relevant information about contraception, sexual practices, marriage and a complete pregnancy history. The definition of infertility in the study was "a noncontracepting couple who want another child or a child if childless tried to conceive for at least 2 years" following the WHO recommendation([c2]). The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP).

RESULTS

A total of 97 couples were classified as infertile. And the total prevalence of infertility in 7 Beijing districts was 1.72%. The standardized prevalence of infertility was 2.1%. 57 (58.76%) couples were classified as of primary infertility and 40 (41.24%) of secondary infertility. So the prevalence of primary and secondary infertilities were 1.01% and 0.71% respectively. In women, the prevalence of infertility was the highest in the age group of 20 - 29 (3.13%) and the lowest in the age group of 40 - 49 (1.38%). The prevalence rate of infertility in the women whose marriage age were younger than 20 years or elder than 29 years of age was apparently higher than those of the 20 - 29 years old. The risk factors of infertility were tuberculosis (TB), endometriosis (EM) and pelvic infection disease (PID).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence rate of infertility declines with age in women. Both EM and PID are the risk factors for infertility.

目的

调查中国北京育龄夫妇的不孕患病率及其危险因素。

方法

于2007年7月至2008年5月在北京7个区开展了一项关于患病率及危险因素的横断面调查。这些区被细分为“社区”行政单位。共抽取了33个社区，并在每个社区内随机选取家庭。在5862对符合访谈条件的夫妇（年龄在20 - 49岁的女性）中，5632对（96.07%）提供了与所有问卷问题相关的信息。其他夫妇未参与是因为他们不在家接受访谈，或丧失行为能力、拒绝访谈或其他原因。经过培训的访谈人员在每个研究夫妇家中发放一份详细问卷，收集有关避孕、性行为、婚姻及完整妊娠史的相关信息。按照世界卫生组织的建议（[c2]），本研究中不孕的定义为“一对未采取避孕措施且想要再生育一个孩子或如果尚无子女则尝试怀孕至少2年的夫妇”。本研究方案已获得国家计划生育研究院伦理委员会的批准。

结果

共有97对夫妇被判定为不孕。北京7个区的不孕总患病率为1.72%。不孕的标准化患病率为2.1%。57对（58.76%）夫妇被判定为原发性不孕，40对（41.24%）为继发性不孕。因此，原发性和继发性不孕的患病率分别为1.01%和0.71%。在女性中，不孕患病率在20 - 29岁年龄组最高（3.13%），在40 - 49岁年龄组最低（1.38%）。结婚年龄小于20岁或大于29岁的女性不孕患病率明显高于20 - 29岁的女性。不孕的危险因素为结核病（TB）、子宫内膜异位症（EM）和盆腔感染性疾病（PID）。