Dexamethasone-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor: characterization, purification, and preparation of monoclonal antibodies.

The effects of dexamethasone on protein synthesis were studied in human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cells. Dexamethasone induced a new protein of 46 kD which was rapidly secreted into the medium, while neither progesterone nor estradiol would induce the synthesis of this protein and only a small increase in its amount could be seen in the presence of testosterone. The 46 kD protein was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration and mouse monoclonal antibodies to it were produced in mouse hybrid cells. Altogether 13 positive clones were found, of which six reacted only with native and seven reacted with the unreduced 46 kD protein in Western blotting. It was possible by using polyclonal antibodies to plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) and purified plasminogen activator inhibitor type I to confirm that the 46 kD protein purified and characterized here was PAI-1. In addition, the 46 kD protein clearly inhibited plasminogen activation, thus further confirming that protein isolated was an inhibitor of plasminogen activator. Since the induction of PAI-1 by dexamethasone was very extensive, it is possible that glucocorticoids regulate proteolysis and fibrinolysis in vivo by increasing the amount of the inhibitor of plasminogen activator and thus preventing the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. The reduction of activation of plasminogen to plasmin by glucocorticoid-induced inhibitor could be of great importance, e.g., in various blistering diseases, in metastases from malignant cells, and in the migration of inflammatory cells.