Mooij Jascha E, van't Oost Leonie, Leenarts Marjolein F, Mekkes Jan R
Academisch Ziekenhuis, afd. Dermatologie, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2011;155:A1912.
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin disease, characterized by painful, deep-seated inflamed lesions, mainly in areas bearing apocrine sweat glands, most commonly the axillary and inguinal regions. Pain leads to mechanical problems, and bacterial growth in the lesions produces a foul-smelling discharge, which reduces the quality of life. In this type of hidradenitis the infection occurs around hair follicles and sebaceous glands, in contrast to what the name would suggest (hidradenitis = sweat-gland inflammation); hidradenitis suppurativa can, therefore be regarded more as a form of acne. The aetiology of hidradenitis is still unknown, but associated factors are smoking, obesity and familial predisposition.The syndrome can take a severe and disabling course. It is worthwhile implementing aggressive treatment at an early stage. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors are now employed in the treatment of severe and treatment-resistant forms of hidradenitis suppurativa; under certain conditions this treatment will be reimbursed by the health insurance company. This development means that there are more treatment possibilities in hidradenitis than there were 5 years ago. The best results are achieved with a combination of antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and surgical treatment, tailored to the patient's individual situation.
化脓性汗腺炎是一种慢性皮肤病,其特征为疼痛性、深部炎症性损害,主要发生于顶泌汗腺分布区域,最常见于腋窝和腹股沟区。疼痛会导致机械性问题,损害部位的细菌生长会产生恶臭分泌物,从而降低生活质量。在这种类型的汗腺炎中,感染发生在毛囊和皮脂腺周围,与疾病名称所暗示的情况(汗腺炎=汗腺炎症)相反;因此,化脓性汗腺炎更可被视为痤疮的一种形式。汗腺炎的病因尚不清楚,但相关因素包括吸烟、肥胖和家族易感性。该综合征可能会发展为严重且致残的病程。早期实施积极治疗是值得的。肿瘤坏死因子-α抑制剂目前用于治疗重度及难治性化脓性汗腺炎;在某些情况下,这种治疗可由健康保险公司报销。这一进展意味着,与5年前相比,汗腺炎有了更多的治疗选择。针对患者个体情况,联合使用抗生素、抗炎药和手术治疗可取得最佳效果。