Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Course of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2002 Apr;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02898058.
Polyurethanes are useful polymers in a large variety of technical and consumer products that are generally made from diisocyanates and polyols or similar compounds. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,6'-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) are useful for polyurethane products. Isocyanates are reactive chemicals that can be handled without problems in manufacturing or technical environments. In general, consumers may only have contact with these chemicals on rare occasions. The objective of this study was to review the mechanisms of action of inhalation of isocyanates. This paper describes, in summary, the potential occupational exposure to isocyanates, the chemistry and reactivity of isocyanates, the results from genotoxicity studies, investigative toxicity studies, metabolism and results from epidemiology studies on isocyanate-exposed workers. The overall conclusion is that because humans are not exposed to high levels of respiratory isocyanate particles, concerns over the possible development of lung tumors should not be relevant. There are many mechanisms of action induced by isocyanates, but those entities are unclear. This is because these mechanisms act simultaneously and are complex.
聚氨酯是一种广泛应用于技术和消费品的有用聚合物，通常由二异氰酸酯和多元醇或类似化合物制成。甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯（MDI）和 1,6'-己二异氰酸酯（HDI）是用于聚氨酯产品的有用化合物。异氰酸酯是反应性化学品，在制造或技术环境中可以无问题地处理。一般来说，消费者可能只有在极少数情况下才会接触到这些化学物质。本研究的目的是综述吸入异氰酸酯的作用机制。本文概述了潜在的职业接触异氰酸酯、异氰酸酯的化学和反应性、遗传毒性研究结果、毒性研究、代谢和异氰酸酯暴露工人的流行病学研究结果。总的结论是，由于人类不会接触到高水平的呼吸性异氰酸酯颗粒，因此不应担心可能发展为肺癌。异氰酸酯会引起多种作用机制，但这些机制尚不清楚。这是因为这些机制同时作用且复杂。
