Biodynamic Research Corporation, 5711 University Heights Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
Clin Anat. 2011 Apr;24(3):350-61. doi: 10.1002/ca.21112. Epub 2011 Jan 3.
The biomechanics of ankle injury have been studied extensively, primarily through mechanical testing of human cadavers. Cadaveric testing is an invaluable methodology in biomechanics, because the magnitude and direction of the loading can be measured precisely and correlated with the resulting injury pattern. Clinical and epidemiological studies provide useful descriptions of injury patterns that occur in the real world, but their retrospective nature precludes a definitive analysis of the forces that caused the injury. Understanding the mechanism of ankle injuries is essential for developing countermeasures to prevent injury and for reconstructing injurious events. Knowledge of an injury's mechanism can also suggest potential associated injuries, which is helpful in diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published research on ankle injury mechanisms with an emphasis on biomechanical experiments on human cadavers. Injury patterns are described based on the principal axis of force or torque producing the injury in conjunction with off-axis forces and out-of-plane foot positions. A mechanistic description of ankle injuries is complicated by the fact that the same mechanism can sometimes produce different injuries and the same injury can sometimes be caused by multiple mechanisms. Nonetheless, a framework for relating injury mechanisms and injury patterns is a valuable tool in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of ankle injuries.
踝关节损伤的生物力学已得到广泛研究，主要通过对人体尸体进行机械测试来进行研究。尸体测试是生物力学中非常宝贵的方法，因为可以精确测量加载的大小和方向，并将其与导致的损伤模式相关联。临床和流行病学研究提供了对实际世界中发生的损伤模式的有用描述，但由于其回顾性，无法对导致损伤的力进行明确分析。了解踝关节损伤的机制对于制定预防损伤的对策以及重建损伤事件至关重要。了解损伤的机制还可以提示潜在的相关损伤，这有助于诊断和治疗。本文的目的是总结已发表的关于踝关节损伤机制的研究，重点是对人体尸体进行生物力学实验。根据产生损伤的主要力或扭矩轴以及非轴力和不在同一平面的足部位置来描述损伤模式。踝关节损伤的机制描述比较复杂，因为同一机制有时会导致不同的损伤，同一损伤有时也可能由多种机制引起。尽管如此，将损伤机制和损伤模式联系起来的框架仍是理解、预防和治疗踝关节损伤的有价值工具。
