The 50th anniversary of the publication of the operon theory in the Journal of Molecular Biology: past, present and future.

A series of eight review articles that appear in the present issue of the Journal of Molecular Biology celebrates the 50th anniversary for the landmark publication of François Jacob and Jacques Monod entitled "Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Synthesis of Proteins". In this publication, the authors presented a model for the regulation of gene expression deduced from genetic and biochemical studies. They proposed that a new class of genes, regulatory genes, would code for repressors that bind to operator sequences upstream of operons consisting of a group of catabolic or biosynthetic genes with related functions. Binding is controlled by small metabolites, substrates or end products. The repressors control the transmission of information from genes to mRNA that is translated into proteins. The present review articles demonstrate how this publication influenced our thinking and how it stimulated the studies on the regulation of gene expression all the way to present day epigenetics and systems biology.