Diagnosis and management of dysplastic nevus syndrome and early melanoma.

Malignant melanoma may arise de novo as well as in association with pre-existing dysplastic nevi. The latter serve as markers, since people who have them are at a higher risk for the development of malignant melanoma than is the general population. Patients with the syndrome should be examined carefully, including the scalp and eyes, every three to six months. Suspicious nevi should be photographed and biopsied, and a family history taken. Excision of dysplastic nevi may be indicated in patients with a positive family history for malignant melanoma, due to the high risk of developing a cutaneous melanoma. We need to educate patients regarding the need for continued follow-up, self-examination, and avoidance of sun exposure.