Dziobek Isabel, Bölte Sven
Exzellenzcluster «Languages of Emotion», Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2011 Mar;39(2):79-90. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000094.
To review neuropsychological models of theory of mind (ToM), executive functions (EF), and central coherence (CC) as framework for cognitive abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Behavioral and functional imaging studies are described that assess social-cognitive, emotional, and executive functions as well as locally oriented perception in ASD.
Impairments in ToM and EF as well as alterations in CC are frequently replicated phenomena in ASD. Especially problems concerning social perception and ToM have high explanatory value for clinical symptomatology. Brain activation patterns differ between individuals with and without ASD for ToM, EF, und CC functions. An approach focussing on reduced cortical connectivity seems to be increasingly favored over explanations focussing on single affected brain sites.
A better understanding of the complexities of ASD in future research demands the integration of clinical, neuropsychological, functional imaging, and molecular genetics evidence. Weaknesses in ToM and EF as well as strengths in detail-focussed perception should be used for individual intervention planning.
回顾心理理论（ToM）、执行功能（EF）和中心统合（CC）的神经心理学模型，将其作为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）认知异常的框架。
描述了评估ASD中社会认知、情感和执行功能以及局部定向感知的行为和功能成像研究。
ToM和EF受损以及CC改变是ASD中经常出现的现象。特别是关于社会感知和ToM的问题对临床症状具有很高的解释价值。对于ToM、EF和CC功能，有ASD个体与无ASD个体的脑激活模式不同。一种关注皮质连接减少的方法似乎比关注单个受影响脑区的解释更受青睐。
未来研究要更好地理解ASD的复杂性，需要整合临床、神经心理学、功能成像和分子遗传学证据。ToM和EF的弱点以及专注于细节感知的优势应用于个体干预计划。
