School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011 Jun;37(3):750-7. doi: 10.1037/a0021920.
Figure-ground perception is typically described as seeing one surface occluding another. Figure properties, not ground properties, are considered the significant factors. In scenes, however, a near surface will often occlude multiple contours and surfaces, often at different depths, producing alignments that are improbable except under conditions of occlusion. We thus hypothesized that unrelated (high entropy) lines would tend to appear as ground in a figure-ground paradigm more often than similarly aligned ordered (low entropy) lines. We further hypothesized that for lines spanning a closed area, high line entropy should increase the hole-like appearance of that area. These predictions were confirmed in three experiments. The probability that patterned rectangles were seen as ground when alternated with blank rectangles increased with pattern entropy. A single rectangular shape appeared more hole-like when the entropy of the enclosed contours increased. Furthermore, these same contours, with the outline shape removed, gave rise to bounding illusory contours whose strength increased with contour entropy. We conclude that figure-ground and hole perception can be determined by properties of ground in the absence of any figural shape, or surround, factors.
图形-背景感知通常被描述为看到一个表面遮挡另一个表面。图形属性而不是背景属性被认为是重要的因素。然而，在场景中，一个近表面通常会遮挡多个轮廓和表面，通常处于不同的深度，产生的对齐在遮挡条件下是不可能的。因此，我们假设在图形-背景范式中，不相关（高熵）的线比相似对齐的有序（低熵）的线更倾向于作为背景出现。我们进一步假设，对于跨越封闭区域的线，高线熵应该增加该区域的孔状外观。这些预测在三个实验中得到了证实。与空白矩形交替出现的图案化矩形被视为背景的概率随着图案熵的增加而增加。当封闭轮廓的熵增加时，单个矩形形状看起来更像孔。此外，这些相同的轮廓，去除了轮廓形状，产生了边界错觉轮廓，其强度随着轮廓熵的增加而增加。我们得出结论，图形-背景和孔感知可以由没有任何图形形状或环绕因素的背景属性决定。
