Povlsen Lene, Borup Ina K
The Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg, Sweden.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2011 Dec;25(4):798-805. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00885.x. Epub 2011 Mar 28.
The concept of holism is central in health promotion as well as in nursing. Holism or a holistic view on health was identified as one of the key principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and is linked to social ecology and the determinants of health.
To explore how the term holism was defined and/or described in Nordic articles with a health-promotion approach, and how holism aspects were related to nursing and health promotion, and to the other key principles of the Ottawa Charter.
Abstracts were first identified by the search word 'health promotion' as a keyword. The search was limited to 1986-2008 and abstracts written in English by authors with a Nordic affiliation. Abstracts/articles for this study were subsequently selected from these abstracts using the search words 'holism' and 'holistic' and analysed by quantitative and manifest qualitative content analysis.
The sample included 23 articles: one theoretical, two reviews and 20 empirical studies. Sixteen articles included a hospital setting or nursing perspective. A holistic perspective could be extracted from most articles. No larger but several minor differences were identified in the way holism aspects were related to nursing and health promotion respectively.
There is a risk that the individual patient perspective of holism in nursing may result in less chance of reaching larger groups of patients with chronic diseases and mental health problems, not least the most vulnerable ones.
整体观的概念在健康促进以及护理领域中都处于核心地位。整体观或对健康的整体看法被视为《渥太华健康促进宪章》的关键原则之一，并且与社会生态学及健康的决定因素相关联。
探讨在采用健康促进方法的北欧文章中，“整体观”这一术语是如何被定义和/或描述的，以及整体观的各个方面与护理、健康促进以及《渥太华宪章》的其他关键原则之间是如何关联的。
首先通过将“健康促进”作为关键词来识别摘要。搜索范围限定在1986 - 2008年，且摘要由具有北欧背景的作者用英文撰写。本研究的摘要/文章随后从这些摘要中通过使用“整体观”和“整体的”等搜索词进行筛选，并采用定量和显性定性内容分析法进行分析。
样本包括23篇文章：1篇理论文章、2篇综述和20篇实证研究。16篇文章包含医院环境或护理视角。多数文章都能提炼出一种整体观视角。在整体观的各个方面分别与护理和健康促进的关联方式上，未发现较大差异，但存在一些细微差别。
护理中整体观的个体患者视角可能存在一种风险，即接触患有慢性疾病和心理健康问题的更大患者群体，尤其是最脆弱患者群体的机会可能会减少。
