Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Private Bag X2, Suite 149, Dunswart 1508, South Africa.
Med Hypotheses. 2011 Jul;77(1):21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.015. Epub 2011 Mar 27.
Initial suggestions that suppression of growth may be an intrinsic characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have now largely been disproven. Although controversy persists regarding the possible negative effect of adrenergic stimulants on growth in children with ADHD, the consensus that appears to be reached in the scientific literature is that stimulant usage may cause a manageable attenuation of growth in these children. Since it is known that stimulants increase the amount of dopamine and noradrenaline in the synapse, this writing suggests that these increases in dopamine and noradrenaline are responsible for the growth attenuation in these children. It appears that increased amounts of dopamine and noradrenaline have the ability to inhibit the secretion of growth hormone and growth-related hormones such as prolactin, thyroid hormones, sex hormones and insulin. Therefore, it would be reasonable to suggest that the increases in dopamine and noradrenaline caused by stimulant usage can disrupt the homeostasis of both growth hormone and growth-related hormones, generating the potential for the suppression of growth.
最初有观点认为，生长抑制可能是注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的内在特征，但现在这种观点已基本被否定。尽管关于肾上腺素能兴奋剂对 ADHD 儿童生长可能产生负面影响仍存在争议，但科学文献中似乎达成的共识是，兴奋剂的使用可能会导致这些儿童的生长速度适度减缓。由于已知兴奋剂会增加突触中多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的含量，因此本文提出，这些多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的增加可能是导致这些儿童生长减缓的原因。多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的增加似乎具有抑制生长激素和生长相关激素（如催乳素、甲状腺激素、性激素和胰岛素）分泌的能力。因此，合理的假设是，兴奋剂使用引起的多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的增加可能会破坏生长激素和生长相关激素的内环境平衡，从而产生抑制生长的可能性。
